Workers Press no. 172

Safety glass sack threat

BY A WORKERS PRESS

CORRESPONDENT

FRESH

tor Pilkington's Helens glassworkers from other trade the sectors union movement is again urgently needed. reward ter than It is little strike- breaking. Challenge any, then, overmedia lerica attems to caller strike working-class olidarit The 5 an he area neen and Triplex conv id the the management 1 don't know what is. Pe sint out at he entir rector la gull. 350 to go 350 ss of orders already tiken a 324000 k iece hift-patter mos will wage- riplex is bein very 80c capita inked sost intimately motor industry require course, economic production ruens.

Burden 'ess were sees us about on.

General oficial st leadership u workers press INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 172 •

THURSDAY, MAY 28, 1970

'Law & order' campaign a Tory fraud THE TORY PARTY and its press are desper ately trying to get a so-called 'law and order campaign off the ground in order to stampede

BY JOHN SPENCCH

voters into endorsing their anti-working-class policies on June 18. Like Richard Nixon in the United States, they aim to generate agitation

OTOS

Kremlin and create an entirely phoney picture of a monster crime wave engulfing the stand by nation. The purpose of this campaign has secretary keeps nothing to do with crime. Its main target is the trade unions, which the Most Be Workers branch ommittee at London's Electra Tories and the employers want at all costs to bring under the control of the Cambodia Junctly Deprived of the opportunity to make capital out of the whiteS African cricket tour, the press has now embarked on link a new tack

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

AS SAIGON officials negotiated the re- sponse come we the one bee relations with opening of diplomatic of the Cambodia-severed in 1963-the Soviet Productivity bureaucracy continues to uphold yester policy of diplomatic collaboration with strayed on one once of union's con- the pro-Nixon regime in Phnom Penh. Tories Moscow Radio has broad by the Sc exe Lone statemen not Union inaction' iet Ambassador it paper Ples hier thes wy kremlin common over me past -telephonists months. claim PRESS REPORTS of the angorder brigade! strike night telephonists at London's Wren House aggression ement was in collusion with Platform Boday tis in mined than cam international exchange were condemned by strike committee members yes terday as they moved for towards Diplomatic supporting action by day seas telephonists proble over- staff. member draves of up to two hobb "in our opinion local man xile, which the oremmen Israeli attacks deepen Shanou Lebanese 1a sand 1 forces roseli Lebanon crisis Bernadette

LENIN

By a foreign

CENTENARY

Devlin sued el sad, addressing mest Beirut sin Tuesday for libel

SWINDON

robes and mazes o * ory and practice and the dependent MP for Mid-Viste revolutionary part *Eire suliceman, Patrick Area to Tuntan and i she had been assaulte Corner of Groundwell Rd Dublin against toe springboks es nation in e Speaker: Gerry Healy national secretary, socialist Labour LAdmission 2s within as much as of the guerrillas.

The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d. May 51,000 Appear Fund Lack of is now E801 3s 5d confidence.. SLOWLY BUT STEADILY we are drawing closer to the target. pulled in f62 in yesterday's which leaves us

OUSL

with f198 16s 7d to find, approximately f50 a day on where should complete the target yve by next sunday-Mar I-ll all our kind readers do whatever they possibly we're going can to let us have their donations at once Appeal Fund, 186A Post them to. Workers Press Clapham High Street, London, SW4.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

-US BANKER

Purge 6. 17) runs into difficulties

BY ROBERT BLACK

THE so-called 'card exchange' in the Czech Communist Party—in reality a nationwide Stalinist purge—-has run into serious difficulties.

Launched with ement in Rude Prav the ready Central Committee

HAROLD RATTLE & CO. EIVZ

UNS SO CAT

purged of all anti-Husak ele- ments) admitted: that situations, above all and we le ted by the measure adop

DOCK

achieved, filled, task yet to be fu

STRIKE

he card exchange compat

OVER NONS

voted overwhelmingly in Prague fallen to 16.3.70 s alleged In the Port of Lo by employers so despite the sech talin Oppositic a tree a B-Leyland profits down middle ondon sild ents SE StorVi Thousands of worker-Party Where's the ment backs sime burned

CONTEMPT

anarchy now? a SPainy conta do weir Stefechnicians

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

BRITISH - LEYLAND

shriness world markete it shrinking world reported yesterday that toral land of produce-pire ang fter-tax profits for the produce and ex last financial half-year Pere ra stoker are dropped to £600,000. This is compared £10 million for hon the pay ate said same period last year. These latest figures are i mother Pared in kers chad not likely to restore con- week since the No me • see ords ndence in the combine, a valued of al which over the past week has announced 'totally un-

BREA

Figures acceptable financial losses'

TYPICAL

in one of its main factories and a huge plunge in its Scherve views thenhes Resen ice a proteion januar i19681, vere influence

• PAGE FOUR COL. 3 →

G PAGE FOUR COL. 5 →

THIS WEEKEND

Young Socialists School Saturday May 30 Sunday May 31

DAVID MERCE

CLIFF SLAUGHTE

- Centra Committee) Theatre, socialism and 'Significance of Lenin toda cutur most Also discotheque on Saturday evening and films real, which Mat

WINTER GARDENS PAVILION,

real sour

EASTBOURNE

Goals from cuing Socialand break at are and the now London. SW

workers press Safety glass sackR threat

BY A WORKERS PRESS

FRESH

SUPPORT

for Pilkington's Helens glassworkers from other trade seculons union movement is again urgently needed. Concent redand patible at the is an almost attenter which ended last Friday. breaking. Challenge Like the government, con nass-lied working-cl M Gerry Caughey, don't know what is'. e dispute tri lexe mool director Mr Geoffrey lley 350 to go 3s5st orders, laould mean ders would have to go, h Triplex workerse-cut for of course is being sorted out capitalise, iin ed 1005 motor industry require- economic production runs.

Burden walkerse burden no the of the Big car botes 'If the Trades Union put outside the lactory bale. INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 172 •

THURSDAY, MAY 28, 1970

'Law & order' campaign a Tory fraud THE TORY PARTY and its press are desper- ately trying to get a so-called 'law and order' campaign off the ground in order to stampede

BY JOHN SPENCER

into endorsing their anti-working-class voters policies on June 18. Like Richard Nixon in the United States, they aim to generate agitation

OTOS

Kremlin anu creale an caurery poney picture of a monster crime wave engulfing the stand by nalion. The purpose of this campaign has secretary keeps nothing to do with crime Mall target is the trade unions, which the Most Olice okers branch emplovers want at al 1 ores ana une Committee at London's Electr costs to bring under the control of the Cambodia rebelles Judicialy. Deprived of the opportunity to make capilal our or une walte • Amican cricket brande secretary tour, the press has now embarked or link a new lack for example, carried readquarters yesterday after ry the Ciaphan n Support has rticularly

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

or the stand Beak's AS SAIGON officials negotiated the re- in feld, but it hardly e opening of diplomatic relations with Tories profess Cambodia-severed in 1963-the Soviet wave bureaucracy continues to uphold poncy or diplomatic collaboration with Lay ibat the the pro-Nixon regime in Phnom Penh.

women : said, the Tories hayhis abite tr Union 'inaction' Phnom Penh, ryavtser earlier this week.

onths over the past -telephonists re the estem of had high claim PRESS REPORTS of the Cambodia, night telephonists' strike fai at London's Wren House Platform international exchange ement was in collusion with were condemned by strike * indirate est Yet 1 They on members terday as they moved for supporting action by day staff. intervene cou gerec the

• PAGE FOUR COL. 7 →

le which the remander Israeli attacks deepen Lebanese a sand h force of Israeli crisis positions on command- Bernadette

LENIN

By a foreign correspondent Devlin sued order

SWINDON

for libel neet Sury and pratice and the *Theo revolutionary party® dependent MP tor id Dister- the and practice depende movement Eire 1 "Patrick policeman, area Rashid Lenin and the coming nghi ami, revolution"g English Moriarty theil week asting for Tunisian

OXFORD HOTEL

general strike Corner of Groundwell Rd of the ees have Speaker: Gerry Healy, national secretary, Socialist Dublin n of the the next three weeks. The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d. May £1,000 Appeal Fund Lack of is now E8liJSb0 confidence... SLOWLY BUT STEADILY we are drawing closer to the target. We pulled in £62 in yesterday's post, which leaves us on where with f198 16s 7d to find, 1, approximately 850 a day.

31-if all can to let us have their donations at once we're going' Workers Appeal Fund, 186A Clapham High Street, London, S4.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

-US BANKER

Purge 171 runs into difficulties

BY ROBERT BLACK

THE so-called 'card exchange' in the Czech Communist Party—in reality a nationwide Stalinist purge—has run into serious difficulties.

HAROLD RATTLE & CO. 1:

: Comm

UNOFFICIAL

estimates hose so far purged from developm ents You know only 0,000. 257,00 50 3 1,500,000. Parts organizations cand th

DUCK

veh evede fil partial s yet to

STRIKE

Alter nearly Iour monins c

OVER 'NONS'

Before began - up 32 per MORE than 2,000 dockers at comortite ship ent. a natonal one day Party's portion has failer opposition so lak a e tion to London Stock Exchange had B-Leyland profits down devaluation Ivovember Where's the Thousands of worker-Part!

BY PETER JEFFRIES

their backs en the bureau MR PAUL W. MeCRAKEN'S cracy.

CONTEMPT

anarchy now? inel comemel lor dualn tic pate de beonom year's

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTER

" street's"

BRITISH - LEYLAND

reported yesterday that after-tax profits for the last financial half-year dropped to £600,000. This compared £10 million for the rades to be expellec same period last year L'alLy. These latest hgures are hande mone des not likely to restore con- London has had hdence in the combine. which over the past week under Gottwald the leading industrials. has announced totally un- Figures Behind the drop in Wall St acceptable financial losses'

TYPICAL

inaatipa end the in one of its main factories a choisi ai avery briusn-Leyland see tha and a huge plunge in its stock exchange value. contene. de- system and mass unemploy- Smart saturdat And semen views Related 119681 they Ultimately share paces vel • PAGE FOUR COL. SeLe which, in turn,

• PAGE FOUR COL. 3 →

depend uj

'THIS WEEKEND

Young Socialists School 'Grim' •Verynt Saturday May 30 Sunday May 31

DAVID MERCER

Speakel (Playwright) CLIFF SLAUGHTEr (SLL Central Committee) "Theatre, soclalism and 'Significance of Lenin today Also discotheque on Saturday evening and films

WINTER GARDENS PAVILION,

which

EASTBOURNE

osait rom indudin ord and break et fares and shool.

London, d.vy.t.

PAGE TWO

AS CORRECTLY fore- cast in Workers Press last December, the National Economic Development Council report on large industrial sites aims another blow at construction workers. Measures which lay the basis for use of 'predeterm- ined' work-study systems, for Measured-Day Work and for a giant reduction in the over- all labour force of the industry are proposed. Planned shift work, 'rationalized' pay system, increased output using work- systems based on study information from a 'data bank', decasualization based on registration of workers and increased control of workers by employers and unions through a national agreement and a national joint council, are some of the proposals put forward in the final report published this month. ('Large Industrial Sites'. HMSO £2 2s.) Working party steel construction. Significantly, the working party estimated that at any one time, 12 per cent of the total labour force is without work.

Another fact discovered was that by far the major cause of delays in construction are not due to labour disputes, but to late changes in design, with late delivery of materials and plant running a close second. One of the chief worries of employers has been the increas- size of building operations ing. which has led to work forces of being 2,500 to 3,000 workers gathered together on single site. The cost of hold-ups of work this size on projects enormous. The report puts the capital cost alone of one week's of a 2,000 megawatt power station at about £100,000 and the cost of a month's delay in the comple- tion of a £15 million refinery 'might amount to £24 million' Shift work ON SHIFT WORK, the working party notes that this is already on o arata method not sites, int immediate delays. It advocates the planning of shift work from the outset of bers of the Cranfield School of Management which estimated that a net saving of £10 million on a power station costing an £100 million would initial be possible with this type of work- Inhere is no doubt that the employers have an eye on sub- •in hiring stantial reductions costs of equipment by reducing the building time with round-the- clock operations. Decasual- ization ON DECASUALIZATION, the report concludes that 'the pro- vision of more stable employ- ment would be the most import- ant single step that the indus- improve could try take to employer/employee relations and productivity. This outlook is similar to that put forward under the Devlin Scheme on the docks, where 'decentralization' has led to continuous run-down of the work force in London since its original implementation. On the docks, permanency is applying to a small, seen as moving mobile labour force, from job to job, working shifts and being paid on the principle of Measured-Day Work. In this report, it is quite clear that the working party is aiming to prepare the way for the same situation on the large sites; in particular by leaving a large sec- tion of workers outsidè the per- manency arrangement: Because of the uncertainty of demand on individual contrac- tors . i .. and the fluctuation in total demand on the industry, we onsider it impossible to provide ermanent emploument for all but we suggest that by mid-1970 the industry as a whole (through register and through employment policies of individual contractors) could offer perman- employment between ent to 20,000 and 25,000 craftsmen, or about three-quarters of crafts- at that time employed on men mechanical and electrical con- struction; it would look to casual men to provide only a quarter of its skilled force.'

WORKERS PRESS

Thursday, May 28, 1970 me institut the fiB's brand of ch ass s and fors. collabora the. They should ton rate time gi met 40,000 workers if pe. in its production. Trade and general here were all my Patterson of role ce eso no mention of the he crisis she expans on me a I cose track or over costs backel bodies like the NED last month I have to be sea olitical face a concerted Some : saying that the shar fores taking place in constructio mast Workers pm pay for the crisis fight all attempts

LEON

AIROTSKY

Ken back terwards, the rese and it would a taken afterwards. 'surplus pronounced trengthened Delde requirements'. dnational Work bonus Trade unions in the covering study 1his section adds that t epoch of Impenalist siste me "standard perform , decay- Communism control of unnecessary overtime ance : and syndicalism • ins ory smus to the suck Tep of a nations oin throughout regulate ers and and union t • CO Bonus ethods

NEW PARK PUBLICATIONS,

earnings

186A CLAND SCH STREET,

TUC and the clie quite ro industrys labour toree are bei as to maket presset. *ata bariot work study infor earning: more a proposal determined times for mallo pere riggers, f8.2 for welders).

BBC 1

The long-term aim is put at: A20 Play School Watch 12.55 n m News schoo Ballet class with Dame Ninette de Valois.

of Parsley 6.00

THE

TOM AND

DOCTORS. 7.70

nat to sus schemes here, toad on'. 8.50 NEWS ruro. b.0v ine exPeRi. "Letha hid 1d to be un roposals on pas so sunday in is elle 9.45

WORLD

CUl of the 1970 World Cup which begins Monsterd-Da of Ballantrae oladium 10.35 24 HOURS. 11.20 Weather. 11.22 Something to say.

ystepre-determine Singular: de 10 M2030 Wear person relations' on the position colour control of operation A above exeeblack and whit combines is 6.01 Y dydd. ray the site is managed leaders in Previ bare the pered that

11.00.1120 AM PLAY SCHOOI

controled pay era benefits, 7.05 p.m. USING BROADCASTS IN SCHOOLS. 7.30 NEWS and

SOMERSE

lead her fixing dyises, as a first step, the District Officer falls in love with Olive "(a) a national time rate, and 10.00 JATA SCENE. Ronnie Scott club auest Miles Davis (b) either: 10.50 NEWS and weather. 10.55 LINE-UP.

ment. * bones deme red a bones

ITV

at site level formally 3.30 p.m. Mad movies. 3.45 Skippy. 4.17 Origami. 4.30 Crossroads. 4.55 per. 5.20 Magpie. 5.50 News.

Five then you've GOTTO GO Sandra Rohartenn enCourage mobility bease sess levels, and Diana Hyland. Western about level, containing speci- man who wins thousands in a poker game and decides to 9.30 11.30 tithe Run: With Emrys

CINEMA:

Police cash with strikers

REGIONAL ITV

outside the November.

• Thursday, May 28, 1970 ON JUNE 18—the date of the general ele people from all over the country from will have the opportunity to vote for the fi be a most vital electoral battle for the work In Its five-and-a-half years of governr has opened the door to the dangerous po Wilson's pollcies of wage-freezing, u tion control have betrayed the interests c No one must doubt that the Tories the working class. They are the traditlo their policies of anti-trade unionism, agalnst social services, racial superiorit law and order. That Is why the Young Socialists, s year have prepared for this General Elect lets calling on all young people especial time, to keep the Torles out.

Next week the Young Socialists will the provinces to work during the electl Young Soclalists and the Workers Press I revolutionary youth movement as the Toryism for good. The Young Soclalists have no Illusior ship; they say that if the working class Its future then Toryism can only be defe: alternative to Wilson. This Is the basis of their appeal for : of nationalization of the basic Industries 1 workers' control, for the defence of the tri of Immigrant workers against racialism, Aslan workers and peasants against US drawal of all troops from N Ireland.

Throughout the summer the Young for a massive antl-Tory rally at Alexander a programme of working to bulld the YS ence of revolutlonary youth, which will b for a United Socialist States of Europe.

Below are the comments of six memb who will be voting for the first time on ti voting Labour at the General Election an to persuade other youth to do the same.

GARMENT worker

FLORENCE ERSK.

INE from Sunderland: I WILL vote Labour with the majority of the working class in the NE to keep the Tories out.

The workers in the NE know will do if what the Tories returned to power. They will start off by trying to smash the trade unions and bring in massive unemployment and poverty. In the NE there are already 68,000 unemployed. In Sunder- land there is 15 per cent unem- ployment as a result of pit closures and the rationalization of the shipyards. Having been through the 1930s the NE working class know that the Tories will discipline the workers, and really cut the They won't be driven wages. back to these conditions, and why they this is will vote Labour. There is no future for youth in the NE. As soon as you leave school you go on to the dole.

There are practically no appren- ticeships for young people, and the jobs they can get are very badly paid. There is massive unemploy- dead-end jobs; there ment and are no social activities for youth apart from one or two picture probably houses which will to become bingo close down or dance halls. They are too for youth earning expensive low wages to go to.

FLORENCE

ERSKINE

The only thing youth can do is walk around the streets and then the police come and move them on. The only way youth can have better jobs and higher and better social activities is by joining the YS and helping to build it into a massive youth movement fo: the overthrow of the capitalist system.

HAMISH KENNEDY,

young engineering worker, Swindon, and member of YS National Committee: I WOULD normally vote Labour because the Labour Party is the political face of the mass of the class organized in the working trade unions, and revolutionaries must take the worker through the experience of the betrayal of traditional reformist organizations. It is most important to fight in the working class to vote against the Tories, even after a whole series of betrayals by the Wilson government. The bosses' crisis forces them to carry out whole attacks on the organizations of the working class. Under these conditions the bosses need a Tory government to keep the power of government decisions firmly in their hands.

The returning of a Labour government would be a great victory for the workers in these conditions, for Labourites would be farced by the bosses to try to carry out their policies, but it would be impossible for the Labourites to use all the power of the state against the working class in the same way as the , Tories. In trying to do so it would create conditions where whole sections of workers would be won from reformism to revolu- tionary politics. This is why I am voting Labour and why I shall be fight- ing in my factory to get all the young workers for the first time this year to do like- wise.

GARY GURMEET.

Apprentice aircraft designer from Southall, London: I WILL be voting for Labour because I think that to keep the Tories out is the main task before all working youth in this General Election. i the general election-thousands of young from the age of 18 upwards attacks taxation and SE the Tory Party for Enoch Powell is the real mood of the Con- servatives. They want to put an to all immigration and repatriate many of the people from other countries.

GARY

GURMEET

The 1968 Commonwealth Immigration Act is just not enough for them. This was an Act passed by the Labour government and it has created tremendous hardship for thousands of Kenyan Asians with British passports. Racialism is being developed consciously by the Tories through the daily papers. government has The Labour not done much better, but we have to vote for them because the Tories will be a thousand times worse. It is absolutely necessary to fight against the attacks of the Tories and for a socialist system.

For in the YS this us means above all building the youth international. JOHN BURKE. North London engineering worker: THE GENERAL Election is one of the most important issues facing the working class at the present period. A vote for Labour is a vote to keep the Tories out. This is tactical question for the not a YS, but a principled one. as the Unlike such groups IMG, we feel that the return of the Tories would not mean that things will continue as before, but that the Tories would try to bring in massive attacks on the working class. This would first and foremost laws against the trade mean a left, Labourites unions, with the taking of on cover criticism of these laws. waging this campaign to By keep the Tories out, the YS is not glossing over the lies and treachery of the Wilson govern- ment and lefts' in the Labour

JUTIV

BURKE

Pars, but is using this campaign the immediate danger to the working class is the return of a Tory govern- ment. The Young Socialists urge all young voters who are voting per- naos for the first time in the forthcoming election to vote Labour, as part of keeping the of building a Tories out, and new leadership for the working class.

SIMON CALDWELL.

Works in Cold Mill at Port Talbot Steel Works and is a mem- ber of YS National Committee for South Wales. I THINK we must have a really big turn-out in the coming election for a Labour vote.

This would be an important measure to defeat the Tories and prevent them carrying out their plans to attack the working class.

Everything which has been by workers over recent won years; wages, strong trade union organization etc, could be lost if the Tories were to succeed in smashing the unions, creating big unemployment and cutting wages. Despite Wilson's anti-working-

WORKERS PRESS

are class policies, the Labour govern- study and understanding of their not been able to do ment has movement. these things. After five and a half years of bears. responsibility Wilson Wilson this country see In for the abstentions by workers in the working class in this country elections which have recent united than ever the more helped the Conservatives. face of the betrayals the of The campaign for Labour Labour government, which has must proceed alongside victory continuously tried to carry Wilson a fight to replace by Tory policies. socialist leadership in the Labour Returning Labour govern- because this would be Party ment will this process con- see ig blow against the Tories and and tinue momentum. the employers. garner Students can play a big part in Workers, ess iad in the this Labour govern- industrial areas and returning Wales valleys remember how the ment. Tories used unemployment in the which has In ward, 1930s to cut wages, break up students' hall and a number students' trade union organization, sack flats, the turn-out militants and working- the municipal 40 reduce elections was bread line. class families to the per cent resulting in a massive They determined not to swing to Labour. return to those conditions and A number of students will be Labour Party most support the use their right to vote eager to the party of their class.

for the first time. We are working for a big anti- The ranks are closing. It is Tory youth rally S Wales and in impossible to claim to be non- a committee will be set up to students the with political-as most in campaign ordanize special leaflets, posters and ban- the arts faculty at Birmingham and to expand the sales of do. nee Keep Those who not for the the Left' and the Workers are working class must be against it.

Press in the main industrial centres. Students must strive to over- come the of brain. many years washing they have undergone in

JACK

CROMPTON.

the educational institutions of Birmingham university the ruling class. student: for Labour is a A vote vote to keep the Tories a belief out, working class as the only AS A STUDENT I shall be vot- in the ing Labour at the General Elec- force capable of overcoming My job in the decaying society. tion. will be I believe that students have a coming weeks per- suade my fellow students to vote useful role to play in ing the working class through a Labour on this basis. man's burden'-the burden of the

ONE OF

many the packhorse on the rider. colour bars introduced The fact is that the British tax- Rhodesia Bartain Contributed not a penny into Rhodesia by Britain, to African education, but had his long before Smith, was and much own education nore besides subsidized by the system of school fees.

super- of profits sweated out cheap shod labour, inchuding that in By 1960 not only was Rhodesia. Britain spending £103 a year Nor did the situation change 'white' educand on each "independence' for after Malawi, Zambia and other semi-colonies (compared with £8 per of British imperialism. African educand in South Rhodesia, North in Myth Rhodesia and f3 in Nyasa- The myth of the British tax- land), but fees constituted was and of payer remains one an almost insuperable barrier.

'the deceptions of the people'.

In reality the children of the African and 'British hypocrisy' workers peasants were starved of education by Britain. This barrier affected only the African since the 'white' parents' of this starvation Part con- income was invariably subsidized sisted of the system of missionary the super-profits made by schools and of segregated educa- cheap African The fees labour. tion. bar in all system was a colour Another part but name- -an absolutely typical consisted of the example of 'British hypocrisy' colour discrimination in educa- tional expenditure between white Like the S African government, and non-white educands. the British claimed government that African education Yet another part was the fees was burden on the British tax-payer. These fees ranged from system This was the old story of iwhite £60 a year for Africans- 63 t0

PART THREE

ONE OF the dangers from a nuclear explosion is radio- active fall out - the release

BY MARTIN

into the atmosphere of materials such as strontium

ZARROP

90 which harms living tissue.

Although the Russian scientist fired a 15-inch shell at a piece Mendeleer first elaborated his of tissue paper and it came back eriodic table of elements nearly and hit you. 30 years before the explosion of the the weapon, was then that I had the table indicates why strontium in idea of an atom with a minute its radioactive form is such a hazard to human life. charge.' This element falls directly 1932, the By oYare neutron below calcium in the table, i.e. in the existence the neutron the same group and the two discovered was experimentally, therefore have similar the chemists' current view of the chemical properties. substantially estab- atom was lished. Properties By this we mean that, although new fundamental particles are properties are so Indeed, the still being created (the number similar that living organisms can- chemist to ronderstand the forthe around distinguish between them. not Thus the human body will use tion of chemical compounds the strontium through chemical he for bone calcium-in particular needs only to deal three with formation and allows serious damage to take place to the living cells. From the standpoint of bring- ing order into the chaos of ele- ments and providing means of predicting their properties, table Mendeleev's was an important step forward. The of the ele- properties density, ments, such as change smoothly as move along row (period). We know that the atomic weight of element must le between those ot its neighbours two in the same period and so on. The set of elements therefore have appears to an order, structure, but it was very difficult for further be progress to made without placing Dalton's atomic Highly complicated app hypothesis a firmer experi- mental footing. for dating labelled atom In other words, certain important steps had been made chemical theory by assuming particles — the proton, neutron that the atom existed but these and electron. developments then raised other of questions which could not be An atom consists answered until the nature of the (Rutherford's nucleus 'massive atom and the laws governing its centre') and more elec- one or trons, each of which has a nega- movement began to emerge.

It was the The of these tive charge. disintegration of positives alarm the an equal atoms that provided the key to positive charge on nucleus their structure. so that the as a whole is arom electrically neutral. Atom Ths nucleus itself pontains the and both In 1907, Rutherford and his which are nearly 2,000 times as colleagues working were on massive as an electron. It is the experiments with the high-energy protons that carry the positive particles alpha (known par- charge which balances out that ticles) which are produced spon- of the electrons while the neu- taneously by radium as it under- uncharged and simply goes radioactive decay. trons are add weight. In an which a experiment in The terms 'atomic number' and stream of these 'missiles' were 'atomic weight' are easily aimed at a thin sheet of gold explained. foil, it was discovered that some the were deflected particles If, for a moment, we consider through large angles. the atom like a miniature solar Rutherford commented: 'It was with planet-electrons almost as incredible if orbiting then as you sun-nucleus, Group 2 Part of the periodic table of elements, known as Group 2. Beryllium Magnesium 12 The group elements are chemically similar. In parti- Publis Calcium cular, the body cannot differentiate between calcium 20 and radioactive which is produced strontium in Strontium nuclear explosions. 38 Barium 56 Radium The atomic numbers are the number of electrons in each atom. 88 sidy out of the super-profits created by cheap African labour toiling for British companies in S Rhodesia. Difficulty By N. Makanda Whereas white children had no difficulty in entering high schools, it ap college are there were applicants for African place. • The colour discrimination of the British state well illus- Was trated in 1962 when the British government gave its S Rhodesian A typical class room for Africans in South Africa. of £3.5 million, of and this, in turn, was the equiva- regime a loan month's from which £200,000 (about per lent one to several years' income for 99 per cent) was earmarked for African cent of the African people.

education. Not only were such fees of Repay little consequence to white parents, because of their earnings, which are subsidized by African This 'gesture' worth lat all had to be paid by no les but, in addition, no fees exactly 2s per African child of this schoolgoing age. To repay who received a subsidy for their loan the African worker had to education from Britain. refund to Britain 30 times what Britain, in turn, got this sub- he 'received'.

PAGE THREE

atomic number is the number of of isotopes element is planets. every possible naturally in nature. Because the electrons are rela- additional neutrons may tively light and a cause nucleus become almost the same mass as a neu- unstable and to give off high- atomic we energy particles. weight simply by adding up the total number of particles in We then speak of a radio- nucleus. active isotope. Strontium has an atomic weight of 88 and is not Isotopes radioactive, but strontium 90 is which can a radioactive isotope be extremely dangerous. For namere 8 has oxygen atomic number and atomic However, these isotopes are weight 16. This means that there also important experimental an eight 'planets' are orbiting weapon. "sun', containing eight protons and eight neutrons. They enter into chemical pro- cesses in the During the development of same way as the parent element with the chemistry the concept of atomic advantage weight the subject of that they are easily detectable at any time by using Geiger counter or a similar detector. A tiny amount of radioactive calcium be used follow can to the process by which this ele- is incorporated into ment bone and an accurate measurement can be made of the rate which this takes place. 'Labelled' The use of in this isotopes way-to provide 'labelled' atoms great to medical boon science and being extended 15 many other fields, such as engineering locate minute leaks, to follow. impurities in fuel and so on. Because an element and its plicated apparatus needed isotopes chemically similar are labelled atoms. we can draw an important con- chemical clusion about how reactions take place. differs from great deal of controversy, An isotope the parent element in the because it was found that there tion of its nucleus, while having were variations 1n which same number of electrons. are now known to be due to the This indicates that chemical presence of isotopes. reactions take place away from Ordinary hydrogen has one the nucleus and concern the proton, one electron and no electrons of the reacting atoms neutrons and therefore its atomic alone. number and weight are both one.

How 'planets' distri- are the buted? How does Experimental: this produce elements some which easily form compounds whereas others Heavy hydrogen, produced in -like the na helum. neon, an atomic pile, contains a neu- and krypton- only argon tron so that, although the atomic be made to do so in 1962 after number remains one, the atomic decades of work? weight increases to two. next week. Continued

STILL AVAILABLE

Special 64 page issue A Journal of International Marxism Published by the international Committee of the Fourth International 186a Clapham High Street, London, S.W.4 Editors: Tom Kemp, Cliff Slaughter PRICE 7s. 6d. influence' The 'civilizing of In the British semi-colony of British rule in Rhodesia Malawi, the British 'civilizing Was 1u influence' different from that of Smith's was such that by 1960 dictatorship. only 80 Africans emerged out of secondary the schools. (The The British claimed that by Malawi Minister of Education, 1953 there were 263,223 in school Chiume, set a target of 1,000 for and that by 1962 this figure had 1965, to overcome the backward- 600,000, risen to including ness introduced by British rule in 60,000 European children.

Nyasaland.) For all All European children the were practical purposes compared with a third British state and churches intro- educated, of the African children. duced almost educational for the African children system But while the European child- in S Rhodesia and what they did full span at ren spent a school, introduce was starved and segre- African children who did go Smith to gated. could not con- school spent a short period in ceivably have done 'worse'.

school before being 'spewed onto the labour market' by British 'Protested' rule. (This phrase was commonly used anti-apartheid Teachers League of Africa a His thus has a long- regime non-racial teachers' union.)

standing denominator common with the Roman Catholic and While the European child was other missions who recently pro- taught in • node 6,243 Atrican tested' against the effects of the the institutions. African latest Land Bill and then entered teachers (1963 figures) taught in into talks' with Smith. overcrowded, inferior, segregated 662 What they schools, including "farm were protesting against was not the effects of this schools' (child labour camps).

or any other law on the Africans, but themselves- that IS, on their "freedom' to continue to School career administer and control the sys- tem of educational and "health' starvation and segregation which Out sot a total of see aaro these missionaries have intro schools, were secondary duced and schools, holding 6,000 pupils.

operated ever since they came to S Rhodesia. In 1964 75 of all per cent European children reached form As the Mau Mau general, IV, compared with 5 per cent of Dedan Kimathi, was to say before alhodesta, Zambia and Malawi.

African children he executed by the British in Kenya: The average length of a school *Before the coming of the for those Africans who missionaries, we had the land and Career schools at all they had the bible- entered -now we have than two years. the bible and they have the land.

It is for this reason Out of 80,000 African children that in S in 's Rhodesia British mission Rhodesia, as elsewhere in British entering 15 Africa, the struggle schools only against the reached form IV. (In Zambia the biblebearers necessarily plays 28 out of 28,000 i.e., such vital in the figure was part anti- imperialist movement. one in a thousand.)

Thursday, May 28, 1970

PAGE FOUR

WORKERS PRESS

Despite election 'truce'

ACTT

'Guardian' dismisses past in boost for rump organization men

ITALIAN STRIKES

Y.S. proud of black out the its IN THE first of a series in 'The Guardian' Street' explaining the relationship of the three major

STILL GROWING

Fiddick parties to the new Peter accolate. wrote on Monday on the Labour Party's obvious

BY A WORKERS PRESS

isolation from the interests of the 18 to 21 year- old voter. history TELEVISION screens in He gives great credibility efforts Ene Manchester dice DESPITE THE 'truce' on strike action accepted president of the Cambridge were blacked out agall by official union leaders in the period until the vesterdav by the Gran Union Hugh Anderson to Nasser

BY A WORKERS PRESS

ada technicians' strike. re-vitalize a rump Labour regional elections on June 7, sharp struggles

CORRESPONDENTI

rarty youtn organizatol jails Sir Sidney B through the formation of

BY A WORKERS PRESS REPORTEF

continue in Italy. Strikers demand for Egyptian Dudenls LaDoul On Tuesday all petrol station workers held a one- Victory, which has the and day strike, and hospital workers started a three-day crlour working methods. Britain the support of party's strike, except for emergency services, and were joined ARGENTINA so a a long the He Nie National Executive. emerging by health insurance emplovees.

Network The group's aim will be to members Military regime election-campaigr On mondav agricultural hame mich elect promise from her Gram- B-Leyland workers in several regions be talks about

BY A

will struck as part of their

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

closes campuses cuted organizatio emocratica!! difficulties national campaign

• FROM PAGE ONE

with industrial air nationally as a result.

parity A NUMBER of Egyptian National a a Les, do million his -Labour workers in social security mates ALL THREE universities in the city of Cordoba Communist farty mem- By the sude benefits. students bers have recently been have been cose cown moente onowmne casues management and Television Tech campaign for the February ai between left-wing students and police in which six arrested, according 12220 Compared me Pe students were seriously woundea.

Lar one Renal car picu reports Irom callo sorter under Transport Hol of British-Leyland's Mist Mohata! Space en directors! management arenas a newspaper At Ahrame men manace Meated-Day Work nignt to the forest of the state?

Rum true tradition of the leader Augusto Vand union ist estractet of the Clashes workers cost attacked workers nicians' committées. Balancing act •Freedom' To maintai is position Sacked Socialists was ed in 1960 by Transpor New work- + On Monday the maned en freedom iss study system in run- with 'formal against imperialism. delestra ore pale, ning reality organ atom to mantest in sport o prepared So, at tee budain regiot thi who would not support heavil fight toe socialist all manner • indus ered strikes, e series " *мітерпе- over towards til die to not the first time at Nas group 1 against shit has already started to gyptian Communist Twedgewood Benn

LOMA

with Pare sekins for pariy • Cronica last readiness of the Party StudentSuring Ap and s speech to his con Purge A that overnmen Bet 'Law & sever defene Cunard order' ship order by FROM PAGE ONE Defence for Franco's 11968) had August ne aerence or une Alc annot be entruste Spain Siberiest or is it only one honour- AT sociation, K hol

E20-MILLION

•being, de Spain by the safe The defence of all sections Resty an one wing boilist the wall we have sea ded wate pith ass me man in san Zionism Giovanni, italy the Party ca work-study month satistied with hat • individual

NOW IT'S UP TO YOU

the More police distrust in sential bu sho

OFLENIN TR

pletely So dowr 'Lack of confidence' noese dificulties the Expulsions

• FROM PAGE ONE

WEATHER

ect or a My point of view ot ven micres mism thared Isine: officials per cent rate, representing back to many fert * cope tast warm. Max. 22(12), sound nny. Wind light and Channel ment, inderstate campaigı tracts Disclosure AND ANXIOUS eyes are stil Very at New York, To as one .

LATE NEWS

'e are absolutely convinced tha circulator an be considerably Increased

THAI TROOPS MOVE

Barbara Castle announced in over the next three Absurd election weeks. Phoney scare with Cambodia You have the opportunity to Introduce readers I relentine bady with coa by using our speclal election offer of 18 issues by post directed Try agitationade votery: Norma commencing June 1 for 15s.

That sour said resin * Tell is was too late to It provides additidesperi Get your new reader to the form below and pos! diso be taken • do b northern Central up pecial Election O1 Nosters Pres Max. 86A Claphan

ANTI-WAR EJECTION

phoney character of London, SW4. Twenty-five anti-Vietnam also bright send Workers Press from June i to June nore. Normal 201 Doctors' pay Name Edinburgh: Occasional ABOUT 2 Londoior, / Address. in the Lond other hospitat

EQUAL PENSION LAW

(64F). Force at Phe 1 of 1973, Mrs