Workers Press no. 231

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 231 • FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1970 Tories attack miners less and railwaymen

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLE

What we think trade

LARGH

deficit OI the Trade The entich disturbed the months mility of prognosis. The Board of Trade ruefully moong ren but, sado, trends' but "ect" in August? ing threat ext month anothere d currency crisis. European spice su particu Privelered position United States firm tess paper with almost vall sean suffer th uthoritie eadache. doll can States of is ciliare anoner run again.

ersation ports hard. Pay frozen, Prices all clear noreas million industry's items tim cars to frost pant increase

ATUA CONFER

DOCKERS

Saturdav. August 15 2 p.m.-6 p.m. YMCA Room 1 Mount easant

FOR

WRITE

BIRKEN-

HEAD.

GAMLA

workers press Wage crunch planned after docks retreat THE TORY government is now getting ready to clamp down on the wages offensive by hitting

BY JOHN SPENCER

at workers in the nationalized industries.

•burred on Dy lne grow- Ing Inreat economic crisis, and determined to recoup falling profit rate by forcibly holding down the Tory wares. ment is prepared to stand firm and fight it out with the millions who are pressing forward for higher wages. Chancellor this mesy would inflat zed industry chair. resist national Tory Chancellor Anthony Barber at a press conference after talks with TUC leaders stand Jones provoked strike action. Nasser fears Responsibility plea to student revolt the gov Barbe "impartial' me it will use a Tories ments. -Cairo report that

THEIR

BYLA WORKERS PRESS CORRESPONDENI

Union PRESIDENT NASSER is anxious to reach a a mater to at the settlement with Israel before the beginning of workers under fire no the academic year 'out of fear that there may

COCUSE.

be a mass move by Egyptian students'.

e anin General rollowin inion's Financ This is reported in a Unions' Cairo despatch from for underground work and £30 Kifah'. Produetivity was in danger plea on of impartial conciliation.

•Radio Devlin 280,000

RAILWAY-

beginning) and EN, with 415, inimt a y pee note main aim chancellor Anthony Barber on refused of the this question! peace pen the Sued their pay over the 120 A statement from the meet-

MISS

Bernadette Delin

MENT MANDAL COVERS.

anal for international and on artempe Independe reiterated in wiro despite aenanaing rises or up lo rthur Lathan milion HOs. Office PITAL WORKERS want simi- Ulster announced

FIREMEN

surence Daly (NUM), Hugi cry deals such as " declared The sue papeile pay Ulster Bied to Tend the mon Onslaught The seated he miner thes reny work, be recognized line with NCB

NASSER

Industry costs throughout th general secretary o those Lawrence hope that the expressed the

ATUA CONFERENCES

place two years ago.

PAGE FOUR COL. 9

Counter-revolutionary volutionary nremationally Pro-Nasser Sunday, September 6 mind Arab repre Danum Hotel imperialism High St official

CORRESPONDENT

more than he" 5 the

DONCASTER

Arab i found o

HE BEEN DEN

etore opposition SON said pered am as tease-reementation

AUGUST 14, 1970

Going away Week. To many Yorks Wakes Week To many So most Britain • But come really tel re and Backp •as will workers and l A Northern Order vou copv now from Circulation department, 186a Clapham High St, London, Telephone 01-720-200

DAYAN

CLAIMS

ARMS

BUILD-UP

Middle-Last ceaserere. Det claimed in the Maste Dayan moved up on irst night and since the cease and tae condemned titude had the sneral preciation Situa The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d. grows Equal pay ADDITIONAL support for the Pilkington, Lancashire, glassworkers' struggle is A FRESH bid to speed equal being expressed along with pay

TOT 2

women Britain's encineering in distr that from British-Leyland made in London 1c to he convenors and Merseyside August 21. Confederation Shipbuilding dockers. Engineering ing in York yesterday, Glass and General Workers' decided leader Union to press emplovers to owne u catener equal pay by December 1971.

vesterday told Workers Prassi 'We have had encouragine

SUDOOM

Trom actories in the he area including donations, Sa10 'Construction sites around merseyside have supported us declared they will and Pilkington glass be Satisfied Mr Caughey was satisfied the decisior Birminghan conterence British-Leyland convenors at leir rent to stmre suDDort the reinstatement men and the sacred refer the question of solidarity action shop stewards' Steads win how besed as stewards will and seck suppore, she said Pilkington's St Helen's nlants "went to the pickets yes give moral them support and they gave it me from what they had heard inside They hree men outside, but inside it was very different Broken-up three mer tana are by togethar heolan The management who talks to evidently feels have emplo tough tactics to keen control TWO THOUSAND-five incide come ot the hundred workers from heart has been taken out the rank-and-file, he com- four Plessey factories in mented Swindon yesterday gave He challenged: If we show

BY A

them that outside there -are a powerful 'NO' to the

CORRESPONDENT

PAGE FOUR COL. 8

management's speed - up plans and went on to this up follow with a claim for an across-the- 1970: Thirty years board increase. with no since Trotsky's strings, of f8 a week for assassination all workers. The mass meeting held on the Herndale tion ground decided to

SOCIALIST

terminate the current productivitv deal and throw out the Associated

LABOUR

Industrial Concu tanta. a management consultants

LEAGUE

growing over the deal and Dissatisfaction

AIC.

Workers at the Plessey Kembrey St Diante Memorial Cheney Manor, North Star Said -Conductoe subsidiad Meeting said that deal brought no gains at Six votes

ACTON

There were only six votes Leon Trotsky's

TOWN HALL

against the claim from meeting which High St, Acton last words: Worker and of the 4 am confident of wages grade

T&GWU.

August 23 decision The Swindon the victory of the rest of the combine's plants Sunday Fourth International throughout which all face the same con- certed productivity drive.

Go forward'! Starts 3 p.m

YARD

Admission 2s

PROBES

Speakers: This means:

LETTER

HEALY (SLL national Caprotani

DANN

YARD

Forward with the

SCOTLAND

Special Workers Press) (Editor Branch is probing the

JENNINGS

origing first Trotskyist Keep Left) at a letter nurnorting to come from a group tho come daily newspaper- Chairman: terrorist organization and claiming to association SlAUGHTER

(SLL

WORKERS PRESS

with e Black Centrel Committee). which contains violent against threats the daily nolice nress ALSO: The first public showing of the latest # ic thaught ha a aro. undation from artrame Young Socialists' film-'Youth in Action in right-wing group intent racial conflict and the Year of Lenin and Trotsky'.

Tories attack miners n and railwaymen

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURDAY • NUMBER 231

FRIDAY, AUGUST 14,

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER

• What we think

THE

LARGE

paports beyond ans sibility of prognosis explaced a greater initial impact strike s° for THE TORY government is now getting ready ine ise ter expomports to clamp down on the wages offensive by hitting s675 milli

BY JOHN SPENCER

at workers in the nationalized industries.

593 millio Spurred on by the grow vide in ne the diences threat ing Board tener crisis, and determined "reverse effect in August.

falling recoup profit rate. Tory wages, the ment is preparea to slanc firm and fight it out with millions Une workers who are pressing forward for higher wages. Chancellor is thon talks with currency crisis. " priveleged overnment, he ments for the States of short with almost value- ternatience • chair. As The Guardian Sapier this Tory Chancellor Anthony Barber at a press conferenice after talks with TUC leaders.

claims week: Jones 1 ney see no reason to a Responsibility whenever touch of plea to Barber warned, th who suffer the impartial' and thwill use all all its influence Tories -Cairo report Trol prices and attemed to take Would have to *Tes: comb ented Transome

BY A WORKERS PRESS CORRESPONDENT

until move ment nationalized indus was PRESIDENT NASSER is anxious to reach a ; of thousands settlement with Israel before the beginning of That nunared worst-paid in the academic year 'out of fear that there may I suce pres move is sita fire.

be a mass move by Egyptian students'.

Following a meeting of h Union's Genera che del another run against This is reported in a

MINERS

the Depart Unions' aespatca nrom Lalro Lebanese paper Kifah'. plea on rise present miserably there Devlin tacked Nasser-Roger: Lates have to come mined.

from the

KAILWAY

he had almost convinced Tor refused Anthony Barber on British Pons hard. this question! their pay over Por Mid: Yesterday's freak navigationtional an Britis! Leaders meen to is and an improve- reiterated in Cair 30 per cent series dies ment in this crisis situation.

Israel will be concluded be

PITAL WORKERS

in London! • want siml • Head wit thee Torieded Pay frozen, prices up ng product declared

THE

a the coal ins BOGAR User that substantial Board repor tives the blee yesterday That Miss Devin would SE Onslaught sentence. sure, The onslaught on the miners of items trin thes vote in demeize was letter lines The report has 16p obec which ' iss Devin's cic coal industry. asked that Miss to a 15 Na Lord Robes Ne work

NASSER

jail was resistance its against the miners' pay claim.

general secretary Al enced brine e agreed the ones that the parce years too around the govern.

ATUA CONFERENCES

PAGE FOUR COL. 9

Counter-revolutionary

DOCKERS MINERS

Nasser's Sunday, September 6 Saturday, August 15 mind Danum Hotel 2 p.m.-6 р.m.

CORRESPONDENT

YMCA Room 1

DONCASTER

Mount Pleasant Liberation

LIVERPOOL

sacre, But found our tine (AOLP).

FOR

FURTHER

octore opportion rows t

ARE TO C

The AOLP and the Pales

DETAILS

WRITE

the ingl

GAMION

repose or prom (PAO), said went aron of

CASTLEFORD,

YORKSHIRE.

Sartawi 'interpreted the

HEAD.

ally feel about holidays?

really Next lucovAr we give a families on A Northern holiday Order you copy now from Circulation department. 186a Clapham High St, London, SW4 or Telephone 01-720-200

DAYAN

CLAIMS

ARMS

BUILD-UP

exited States has been ask 1 nursady - withdrawat bine after the Middle-Last cea Minister Dayan cana on the first night and since the cease.

guerrillas change The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League PRICE 6d. men ADDITIONAL support for Equal pay the Pilkington, Lancashire, glassworkers' is struggle A FRESH bid to speed equal for being expressed along with Batain's women engineering industry that from British-Leyland London

IS TO DE

mace convenors and Merseyside Ananst Leaders the Contederation ot nading dockers. and Engineering Union, meet- to press employers to, decided Glass and General Workers' Union Caughey equal pay by Deem bring i press yesterday told Workers Press: 'We have had encouragin from support the tactories in including donations, he area said. 'Construction sites around Merseyside have supported and ceclared toev Will no алом Pikington alass to he 11sed. Satisfied Caughey was satisfied with the of Birmingham British-Leyland convenors to affirm their right to suiKe support the restatement the sacked ano reter the question of solidaritu shop action india! stewards' committees. 'We are particularly pleased be go- as stewards will now ing back 8 support he said. floor and getting support, Mr Caughey then spoke the being received from the Milkington's st Helen's plats: Workers' nembers went to the pickets yes. serdort and ive them tereov to moral they gave It to me from what they had hear conditions inside the ahant factorv. They were three inside it was very different. Broken-up 'Two or three talking men together are hroken sunervision "The management watches who talks to to can the piekers, he said evidently firm feels the that tough tactics to keep control inside. TWO THOUSAND-five of the 'Temporarily some hundred workers from heart har heet taken out he com- four Plessey factories in tha rank andenle mented. Swindon yesterday gave He challenged: "If we show

BY A

them that outside there a powerful 'NO' to the

CORRESPONDENT

PAGE FOUR COL. 8

management's speed - up plans and went on to follow this up with claim for an across-the- 1970: Thirty years board increase, with no since Trotsky's strings, of f8 a week for all workers. assassination The mass meeting held Ferndale on the тестез. ground decided to tinn

SOCIALIST

the current DrOOlICTIVITU Gent and t throw out the Associated

LABOUR

Consultants- Industrial a management consultants -survey.

LEAGUE

Dissatisfaction beer growing over the deal and Workers Plesses paeney Manor, Norey St. Memorial Star - firm's A venue andi the Semi Conductorc Meeting had that the deni brought no gains at all. Six votes

ACTON

Thare wars only cir unted Leon Trotsky's

TOWN HALL

claim from the •one the meeting which involved the High St, Acton combined unions. last words: Workers

ETI

Sheet Metal 1 am confident of wages grade of the

T&GWU.

August 23 The Swindon décision the victory of the an important lead for the Sunday roct of tha ramhina'e monta Fourth International country thannahant tha which all face the same con- Go forward i certed productivity drive.

Starts 3 p.m Admission 2s

YARD

PROBES

Speakers This means:

LETTER

HEALY (SLL national Secretary), M. BANDA Forward with the

SCOTLAND

Special is probing origins

JENNINGS

(Editor first Trotskyist Keep Left). at a etter nurnoming to come using the came initiale (pond) de CAfrican daily newspaper- Chairman: organization and tamponict claiming to be fin association

SLAUCHTER

(SLU

WORKERS PRESS

with the Black Panthers'.

Contral Committaa! The letter, which contains violent treats and the laily press, police ALSO: The first public showing of the latest could it is thought. be a pro unration from Aytreme Young Socialists' film-'Youth in Action in riaht wina intent inciting racial 'conflict and the Year of Lenin and Trotsky'.

PAGE TWO

Alan English told Workers Press:

THIS STRIKE

was definitely a lot of top political though said it notches in the union wasn't. But I think the political side really needs drawing out. The Tories are in power and, of make course, they want to will down a lot of this cool militant workers like the dockers other workers as well. for the worsening scapegoats like Wilson Here in Liverpool, for example, economic situation, of the busmen are good lot seamens' did with the strike tend take lads and they to when he was in power. docks. In the lead from the 1967 strike they banged his, is The philosophy of the goes like mind this, during this one they to my they take and defeat pending, the retreat on the docks can on like dockers, back a bit. This the has set them groups Tories workers and printers, they know what the want to do THIS STRIKE was a temporary set-back for the docker. Jack Tones did not want to fight in Harold Yould told us: the first place. Another problem was that many dockers were confused as to what the issues of the dispute Behind the £20 basic really were. if every Devlin Phase Two, realized this I had don't man think they would have gone back.

The trouble is that a lot of militants the dock all on right talking, but when at doing something they Comes get cold feet. The way forward now is for I would like information about

THE SOCIALIST

LABOUR LEAGUE

Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

SECRETARY,

SOCIALIST LABOUR

LEAGUE,

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LONDON, SW4.

Name ... Address there is no doubt about it.

In my opinion we came out the wrong issues. The big on fights facing the dockworker are over things like containerization, the growing use of non-registered in other words lay behind this strike and this was not spelt out by the leaders. I was a delegate and I went London. Before the down to strike it was mainly O'Leary we dealt with, Jack Jones only came the national docks shop stewards' committee come out clearly against Phase Two. They must do this. It's their duty to give a lead. They are the only people now, we need no more evidence of the nature of the top leaders.

In 1968 they signed a deal with the employers allowing non- registered dock labour to work in the container bases, and now they have retreated on this strike.

What more evidence do the militants and the Communist Party need? In Liverpool they beat this move to use non-registered labour by walking off the dock.

We in Manchester did the 'right' thing and took it through the courts and lost. I think there is a lesson in that somewhere.

The deal for Phase Two they offering us in Manchester are is just ridiculous-£25 as the flat rate, this was offered three weeks ago in exchange for the usual things like containerization, and the ending of overtime, piecework and bonuses. The danger is, a lot of men about these here are hearing productivity deals in other ports and the employers are trying to get them used to thinking that they are a good thing — they really haven't grasped the dangers involved for all dockers.

The average wage in this dock compared with other is low ports. I think what the employers

WORKERS PRESS

on the scene later. I think he was confused and he did sav we were out on the wrong thing.

In the end, at the last dele- gates' meeting, he guided to us accept Pearson, and the smaller did this; the less ports to militant and experienced docker it sounded like good thing a mainly because the back issues were not spelt out. It's different in the smaller are going to try is this. They have now offered this £25-this has been thrown back at them.

So they will come along with a higher offer, say £35. Now this will sound like a lot and they might get it past the Manchester docker. Container berths have already been introduced on the dock.

The employers have started here with three ships and they are now in the process of bringing in another. The redundancies have already started—200 have been paid off this is besides 'natural' wastage. The scale of possible redun- dancies can be gauged from this.

It takes five men to turn a ship round in two days with con- tainers, where it would take 100 men two weeks using con- ventional methods. The politics behind the strike were Everyone that the dockers are the most militant group of workers. If the Tories can defeat us they can defeat any other workers.

defeate they have not been But decisively; struggle is coming. for the retreat by the officials.

Now, with a different leader- ship, it would be a different story. Alan English, secretary of the Liver- pood docks stewards committee and Harold Yould, Manchester docker, are both militant portworkers with the confidence Mal now marks the young leadership emerging in the two ports. They admit that Pearson but realize it was was a retreat. caused by a refusal to fight on the partor transpert d dieneral Workers' Union officials and weakness in the smaller ports. Equally they know that the luggest struggtes still lie ahead, in the words of Alan English, 'the big one has yet to come and we re gelting ready for it. These men are pre- paring the ranks in Liverpool and Manchester for the decisive resist- ance to berlin Phase Tue, speed-up andredundancy. On the Gladstone ports. Remember the lads down container labour and redundancies. Devlin dock you get Lullake here have been in and out for and work for a flat 19s 6d-an- they the last three years; leave hour rate. most industries behind for militancy. But they shift at the rate of about 600 tons-an-hour. Let's The main why the should get Is a say you ton, employers put up such a tough which is cheap, this means front was because they have man should be earning 600s an everything to lose. If the higher that's £30 hour-we hour, basic had been won it would think this is a reasonable claim have put paid to Phase Two.

for Devlin. With the £20 basic, piece rates Devlin Phase Two will be and and bonusés they weapon in the hands of the could never put up their present You employers in many ways. offer of £35 for Phase Two on all get the same rate this dock They have again. no matter what cargo. cheek offering us this in the first place when you can So could have you an near this with the old methods like plywood and cargo bad -without speed-up, redundancies one like carbon black, who goes etc. which? You can guess, it the employer whip gives to And the next step in this fight beat the militants with, it's the is, of course, against Phase Two.

fighter who will all the bad get We will not accept this at all, jobs to break them down. we still want the £20 basic the They issued the 42-page Devlin bonuses and the piecework. This Phase Two document is our answer. And if we don't reply to our demands—now there's one get it official through channels When I we will go our way like we have thing this is good for. feel a bit depressed I read it— always done in the past. the bumper book of fun we call Now there is a lot of money it on the docks. It's really quite earned of being the a good laugh. container berths in Liverpool. But seriously we all know the But its 20 men working on big one has yet to come, I think dock where there used this will the to be be in next 12 300 and that's no exaggeration.

months. And if the unions are For this £10 not going to go in fighting we'll they get day pittance for the cargo they are do it on our own-it will prob- shifting. ably be an unofficial strike.

IMPORTANT READING

NEW PARK PUBLICATIONS

IN

A TROTSKYIST ANALYSIS

BY ROBERT BLACK

NEA PAPUSICATIONS

PRICE 22s Ed Them High s

MARXISM

AND

THE LAW

MARXISTS have paid little attention in recent years to the theory of law and jurisprudence, des- pite its importance and the observations of Marx and Engels on the sub- ject. In the early years of the Soviet state it was bound to be of burning interest. What had to be done with the legal codes and procedures, the courts and prisons inherited from the past? What would have to be the basis of law and legal theory in what was regarded as 'the period of transition? The author of this book, which has just appeared in French some 30 years after the last German edition, tries to deal with such questions in the context of a general Marxist theory of law.

It must be regarded as an important contribution to this sadly-neglected field - despite some obvious shortcomings and a translation into English would certainly be useful.

Pasukanis, who was of Lithu- anian extraction (Lithuania formed part of the Tsarist em- pire), joined the Bolshevik Party as a law student in 1912. After the Revolution he was regarded as the leading Soviet jurist and was entrusted with the elabora- tion of a new criminal code.

Vyshinsky He was a man of considerable talent and of Marxist culture as this book, first written in 1924, shows. It can be regarded as pre- Stalinist work and an effort to apply Marxism in an honest way problems of Soviet to development. With the rise of Stalinism his views came under attack; the bureaucracy particularly was sensitive to what he wrote about the status of law and morality in the period of the 'withering away of the state'. His place was taken by the infamous Vyshinsky, later prosecutor in the Moscow Trials.

anti-Marxist legal new theory was formulated by this ex- Menshevik to conform with the needs "socialism of in one discussion Pasu- country. The kanis had started was closed. He was obliged to repudiate his book and perished in the purges about 1937. Attack Pasukanis directs his main against the bourgeois attack theories of law current in the first quarter of this century. In that sense the book has dated because, as J. M. Vincent points out in his preface, new theories have since appeared on which have been the scene obliged to take account of the fact that the supposed equality before the law is in conflict with the actual social inequality of individuals, groups and classes.

The intervention of the state has, moreover, made the entire legal system much more complex and more oppressive. this book deserves However, o be studied because it provide: a clear sketch for a Marxist approach — although not written as such, it became for a while the Soviet • standard text ir Union. Pasukanis attempts to apply The critique of bourgeois juris rudence from the standpoint of Friday, August 14, 1970

TWO

REVIEI

scientific socialism must take as its example the critique of bour- geois political economy such as Marx gave us. 'With that end, the critique must go into territory, enemy that is to say it must not simply the generalizations and reject abstractions elaborated by bour- •geois jurists in accordance with the needs of their times and their class, but analyse these abstract • categories and demonstrate their real significance, in other words, discover the historical condition- ing of the juridical form.'

In a critical article by the "left communist Karl German Korsch, written in 1930, which appears in the volume in the guise of an Introduction, Pasu- kanis's work is criticized for being too pedantic and dog- matic. More seriously, Korsch charges him, as it were, with not seeing the actual developments in Russia in the 1920s in a materialist way because of his assumption that the transition to socialism had begun.. No doubt the work bears the marks of the contradictions in Pasukanis's own position.

Rigorous, indeed tending to be doctrinaire his analysis understood jurisprudence, if he bourgeois the deformations in the law — as well as in other taking spheres - which were place in the Soviet Union, he was either blind to them or con- cealed them from his readers since, as a high Sovięt official, he either had to do so or to throw in his lot with the Left Opposi- tion. But there is enough in Pasu- kanis's work to make his book dangerous to the bureaucracy- hence his own fate. And, although he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956 his book still remains too dangerous to be circulated. Accumulation Just as Marx sees capitalist society as taking the form of an enormous accumulation of com- modities, so society as a whole is made up, according to Pasu- kanis, of an uninterrupted chain of legal relations. The Marxist conception begins with economic relations: it only from these relations that a general theory of law can spring.

This is the basis for the refutation of 'normative' theories of law: i.e. those which see the legal codes as determining the rela- tions of exchange between indivi- duals and require a correspond- ing theory about the state.

'It is quite clear,' writes Pasu- kanis 'that the logic of juridical concepts corresponds to the logic of social relations in a society based upon commodity produc- tion. It is precisely in these rela- tions, and not in the support of the public authorities, that the roots of the system of private law must be sought. 'On the contrary, the logic of the roots of domination and dependence only enter in part into juridical concepts. "That is why the juridical theory of the state can never become a theory and always re- mains an ideological deformation of the facts.' Even a statement of this kind could be dangerous to Stalinism, because Vyshinsky took up what was, in a sense, a version of what Pasukanis refers to as the juridical theory in order to con- ceal the role of the bureaucracy Ma a meane tailor to Ps Perti Deportment of the Centra 1.50 "i rusd of imaginatine (-o-,0..ro

PROBLEMS OF CULTURE

UNDER THE DICTATORSHIP

OF THE PROLETARIAT.

Leon Trotsky

NEW PARK PUBLICATIONS

186A Clapham High St Price 5s

ERS PRESS

Alan English, secredary of the Liver.

pool docks stewards committee and Harold Yould, Manchester docker, are both militant portorkers with the confidence that now marks the young leadership emerging in the two ports. They admit that Pearson was a retreal, but realize it was caused by a refusal to fight on the partol Transport & General Workers?

Union officials and weakness in the smaller ports. Equally they know that the biggest struggles still lie ahead, in the words of Alan English, 'the big one has yet to come and we're getting ready for it. These men are pre- paring the ranks in Liverpool and Manchester for the decisive resist- ance to Deolin Phase Twe, speed-up and redundancy. nk he ports. Remember the lads down On the Gladstone container labour and redundancies. say we Devlin dock no tonnage rates thing. have been in and out for here and work for a flat 19s| 6d-an- the last three they leave hour rate. years; dele- industries behind for militancy. But they shift the at rate maller about 600 tons-an-hour. Let's less The main reason why the should get 1s ton, say sahich is locker employers put up such a tough is this cheap, means thing front was because they have man should be 600s carin hours an If the higher issues everything to lose. hour, that's £30 basic an had been would it think this is a reasonable claim have put paid to Phase Two.

maller for Devlin. With the f20 basic, piece rates Devlin Phase Two will be and tonnage and bonusés they weapon the hands of the could never put up their present employers You in many ways. £35 for Phase Two ofter of on see you all get the same rate, this dock They again. have no matter what cargo. cheek offering us this in the first when place you can get So you could have an easy this with the near old methods cargo like plywood and a bad -without speed-up, redundancies one like carbon black, who goes etc. which? You guess, it can And the next step in this fight the employer whip to gives beat the militants with, it's is, of course, against Phase the Two. fighter who will all the bad get We will not accept this at all, jobs to break them down. we still the £20 basic the want They issued the 42-page Devlin bonuses and the piecework. This is our answer. And if we don't Po out Tema dome there sony Phase Two document in get it through official channels always done in the past we have thing this is good for. When I feel a bit depressed I read it— the bumper book of fun we call ing eared on some on the it on the docks. It's really quite being earned a good laugh. container berths in Liverpool.

Or were tered to bee dock months. And if the ions are next 300 and that's no exaggeration.

For this not going to go in fighting we'll Pittance for the cargo they day do it on our own—it will prob- shifting. ably be an unofficial strike.

IMPORTANT

READING

NEW PARK PUBLICATIONS

IN

BRITAIN

A TROTSKYIST ANALYSIS

BY ROBERT BLACK

eader-

IEW PARK PUBLICATION:

PRICE 225Ed ferent SSA r Then High:

MARXISM

AND

THE LAW

MARXISTS have paid little attention in recent years to the theory of law and jurisprudence, des- pite its importance and the observations of Marx and Engels on the sub- ject. In the early years of the Soviet state it was bound to be of burning interest. What had to be done with the legal codes and procedures, the courts and prisons inherited from the past? What would have to be the basis of law and legal theory in what was regarded as 'the period of transition'? The author of this book, which has just appeared in French some 30 years after the last German edition, tries to deal with such questions in the context of a general Marxist theory of law.

It must be regarded as an important contribution to this sadly-neglected field - despite some obvious shortcomings and a translation into English would certainly be useful.

Pasukanis, who was of Lithu- anian extraction (Lithuania formed part of the Tsarist em- pire), joined the Bolshevik Party as a law student in 1912. After the Revolution he was regarded as the leading Soviet jurist and was entrusted with the elabora- tion of a new criminal code.

Vyshinsky He was a man of considerable talent and of Marxist culture as this book, first written in 1924, shows. It can be regarded as pre- Stalinist work and an effort to apply Marxism in an honest way to problems Soviet development. With the rise of Stalinism his views came under attack; the bureaucracy was particularly sensitive to what he wrote about the status of law and morality in the period of the 'withering away of the state'. His place was taken by the infamous Vyshinsky, later prosecutor in the Moscow Trials.

A new anti-Marxist legal theory was formulated by this ex- Menshevik to conform with the of 'socialism needs in one country. The discussion Pasu- kanis had started was closed. He was obliged to repudiate his book and perished in the purges about 1937. Attack Pasukanis directs his main against the bourgeois attack theories of law current in the first quarter of this century. In that sense the book has dated because, as J. M. Vincent points out in his preface, new theories have since appeared on have the scene which been obliged to take account of the fact that the supposed equality before the law is in conflict with the actual social inequality of individuals, groups and classes.

The intervention of the state nas, moreover, made the entire and sore oppresh more complex However, to be studied because it pesvives a clear prudence trom one standpoint of Friday, August 14, 1970

TWO REVIEW.

scientific socialism must take as its example the critique of bour- airport economy such as "With that end, the critique must go into enemy territory hat is to say it must not simpl reject the generalizations and abstractions elaborated by bour- geois jurists in accordance with the needs of their times and their class, but analyse these abstract categories and demonstrate their real significance, in other words, discover the historical condition- ing of the juridical form.'

In a critical article by the German 'left communist' Karl Appears inittee volume in hice appears in the volume guise of an Introduction, Pasu- kanis's work is criticized for being too pedantic and dog- matic. More seriously, Korsch charges him, as it were, with not seeing the actual developments in Russia in the 1920s in a materialist way because of his assumption that the transition to socialism had begun. No doubt the work bears the marks of the contradictions in Pasukanis's own position.

Rigorous, indeed tending to be doctrinaire his analysis bourgeois jurisprudence, if he the deformations in understood the law — as well as in other spheres - which were taking place in the Soviet Union, he was either blind to them or con- cealed them from his readers since, as a high Sovięt official, he either had to do so or to throw in his lot with the Left Opposi- tion. But there is enough in Pasu- kanis's work to make his book to the bureaucracy- dangerous hence his fate. And, own although he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956 his book still remains too dangerous to be circulated. Accumulation Just as Marx sees capitalist society as taking the form of an enormous accumulation of com- modities, so society as a whole is made up, according to Pasu- kanis, of an uninterrupted chain of legal relations. The Marxist conception begins with economic relations: it is only from these relations that a general theory of law can spring.

This is the basis for the refutation of 'normative' theories of law: i.e. those which see the legal codes as determining the rela- tions of exchange between indivi- duals and require a correspond- ing theory about the state.

'It is quite clear,' writes Pasu- kanis 'that the logic of juridical concepts corresponds to the logic of social relations in a society based upon commodity produc- tion. It is precisely in these rela- tions, and not in the support of the public authorities, that the roots of the system of private law must be sought. the roots dependence only enter in part into juridical concepts. "That is why the juridical theory of the state can never become a theory and always re- mains an ideological deformation of the facts? Even a statement of this kind could be dangerous to Stalinism, because Vyshinsky took up what was, in a a version of sense, what Pasukanis refers to as the juridical theory in order to con- ceal the role of the bureaucracy

PROBLEMS OF CULTURE

UNDER THE DICTATORSHIP

OF THE PROLETARIAT:

Leon Trotsky

NEW PARK PUBLICATIONS

186A Clapham High St Price 5s Friday, August 14, 1970

IEW S

BY TOM KEMP

'LA THEORIE GENERALE DU DROIT

ET LE MARXISME'

Brohm. resented by J. M. Vincent. Introduction I arl Korsc Etudes et Documentation Internationales, 2, rue Descartes, Paris-V. 1970.

or strengthening and the of the company itself has legal pe. son- organs state at its company itself has power person- command. ality, owners (shareholders) have merely a right to dividends In developing his general working, and huge Pasukanis bases theory himself masses of capital are controlled Marx's 'Capital' and the upon by small groups of capitalists.

Introduction to the Critique of Pasukanis traces Political Economy'. out the rise the of state and its relatonsalp In the chapter "The entitled to the law, discusses the relation- Commodity the Subject' he ship between Jaw and spells out the legal parallel to and concludes with a discussion relations in the of crime, guilt and punishment.

commoalls clearest terms, although, as Korsch points out, in an abstract the Again, reatment is way. What he is showing, generally clear, if abstract short, that 'commodity is arguing, What he basically, fetishical terishism. fetishism' its parallel that the transition period there will be This geois chapter adequately osely closely norms which can only be too got rid written to be as the stenders marized. away. Treating the subject historic- Old forms ally, capitalism arose from feudalism, he shows that only when bourgeois relations had be- was these sections which come fully developed did law became dangerous Stalin the 1N assume an abstract character.

remain sO in the perioa Soviet Union. Only when became took on form, commodity For Pasukanis also saye that change values, did they become a while the proletariat must utilize pure object for the law and the the old forms inherited from persons disposing of them

DUTC

bourgeois that does subjects. develop and take on a socialist Reciprocal content. On the contrary, as that con- So the the central contract, tent was realized they would concept of bourgeois law, perish. The proletariat thus had from a reciprocal act of exchange.

to have a clear idea, free from In the same way arose juridical all ideological veils, of the his- concepts of private property.

torical origin of these forms.

Capitalist private property is And Pasukanis continues: "basicallv the freedom to trans- form capital one form "The trom must have proletariat another and from one coldly critical attitude, not only in another order to obtain the towards morality and highest profit working. the bourgeois state, but also vis- without This liberty dispose of to capi- à-vis state and its own talist property is impossible with- morality. It must be conscious, in the existence of people other words,

OUL

the 1stomcal deprived of necessity for their existence but property, uns is of also for their disappearance.'

proletarians'. With the rise of business com- Unwittingly he had signed his panies, capitalist be- own death-warrant. TV

BBC 1

11.55 a.m. Cricket. England v Rest of the World. 1.33 p.m. Watch with mother. 1.45-1.53 News and weather. 1.55-2.25 Bric-a-brac. 3.00-4.15 Cricket. 4.20 Play school. 4.40 Mole and the Motor Car. 4.55 Score with the Scaffold. 5.30 Space kidettes. 5.40 Junior points of view. 5.50 News and weather. 6.00

ENTERTAINING WITH KERR

CHAMPIONS' QUIZ BALL.

6.45 THE VIRGINIAN. 'The Modoc Kid'.

DON'T ASK US. 8.15 ME MAMMY.

8.50 NEWS and weather. 9.10

MISS UNITED

KINGDOM. Beauty contest at Blackpool.

10.00

THAT YOUR BODY, BOY?'

With Ron Moody as school P.T. Instructor. 10.35

24 HOURS.

11.10 RALPH RICHARDSON'S CINEMA. 11.40 Weather.

REGIONAL

All regions as BBG 1 except: ronnie. 7.30-7.55 Speaking Midlands and E Angliaidiand myself. 6.00-6.25 Your orting Scotland beatha. 11042 News. east. weather N ireland: 6.00-6.25 weather. Prospects Scene around Six. Road works report anglers. News North 6.00-6.25 South and West: 6.00-6.25 Your region Your region tonight Look Points West. North. weather. south today at: .30.1. 45.42 001 1°0 weather 9:05 Waletes 6.45 "Heddin. vationwide 8.42 News, weather Road Works renort ввс 2 11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL.

4.30-6.35 p.m. CRICKET. NEWS and weather. 7.30 8.00 A GRINGO'S HOLIDAY. 'Santlago, Iquique, and the Atacama Desert'. 8.25 SENTIMENTAL EDUCATION. 'A Start to Loving'.

WORLD CINEMA. 'Memorles of Under-Development'. Film from 9.10 10.45 Nils and Seated 10.50 LINDaisy Granado.

ITV

Show jumping from Hickstead. 4.10 Raj. 4.40 Zingalong.

2.00 p.m. 4 55 Arthur! 5.20 Two D's and a dog. 5.50 News.

6.03 EARLY BIRD. 6.30 PEYTON PLACE.

7.00 KENNY EVERETT EXPLOSION.

7.30 GUNSMOKE. 'Slocum'.

8.30 HARK AT BARKER.

9.00 CONFESSION. 'Under the Carpet.

10.00 NEWS. 10.30 MANNIX. 'Skid marks on a dry run'.

11.30 FACE THE PRESS. Coretta Scott King.

12 midnight SOUNDS OF PRAISE.

REGIONAL ITV

Pulin 8 birthday-sized

CHANNEL:

nonda 402) 6.10 and 4.25 News, 4.27 Cus Honey s Path For it, WE CP. Gus Honeybut sh2.25 6.25 desk. 'ports murder. Midnighe wen CP.

HTV

Sky's THE ATTEMPT has often been made to build up the anarchist Pierre- Joseph Proudhon as a revolutionary great thinker in opposition to Marx. A perusal of the extracts collected in this volume will soon reveal why this has been a failure. If for no other reason, the thought of Proudhon lacks the intellectual power and consist- ency which Marx derived from the materialist conception of history. It is true of course that Marx at first expressed admiration for • Proudhon's qualities as the theo- retician as displayed in his book 'What Is Property?'. In 1846 he wrote to the older man proposing contact between socialists in Germany, France and Britain and an exchange of views.

Proudhon's reply was in efiect, as Mehring put it, to deliver Marx a moral lecture on the dangers of dogmatism and the "wise and farsighted need for tolerance'. Proudhon went on to say: I prefer to burn property in a slow fire rather than give it new force in a St Bartholomew's Night of property owners.'

In other words, Proudhon indicated that he was not interested in revolution, thus lay- ing himself open to the scourge Marx's criticism directed against his next book "The System of Economic Contradic- tions'. Abandoned Using the scalpel of historical materialism the dialectic Marx painstakingly dissected this work in The Poverty of Philo- sophy' and at the same time helped to clarify his own ideas.

As the editor of this volume points out, Proudhon abandoned Hegel's dialectic in which oppo- sites are resolved into a new synthesis in favour of his own version in which opposites balance each other out. the Proudhon philosophy, then, conflicts are not fought, out to their conclusion but are some- how resolved without struggle.

Capitalism was unjust because workers did not receive the full product of their labour and this unjust system of distribution was upheld by the state. For Proudhon, therefore, the line of advance lay through the abolition of the state. Only then could industry be re-organized: "The workshop will replace the government.' In other words, what he was proposing system of self- was a governing workshops which would continue to be linked to- gether through some kind of market mechanism. Unlike Marx he did not grasp objectively the revolutionary character of the working class which has the historic role of carrying society forward from capitalism to socialism on the basis of large-scale industry and technological development.

HTY (Wales) colour channel dyad! as above except: 11.00-11.30 Y HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 6.01 Y dydd. 6.30-6.35 Wales. Report 11.00-11.30 Mad Movies. 4.352.00 London. 4.25

ANGLIA:

4.55 Los rOOm 6.00 room. Romper Lost in space. 5.50 London. About Anglia. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 It takes a thief. 8.00 Glamour 70. 8.25 London 10.30 Died Thousand Times' With Jack Palance and Shelley Win- ters. tough gangster falls in love with a lame girl. 12.30 Reflection.

4.10 Peyton Place. 4.4( London. 5.50 Lon London. 10.30 Baron. Midland member, 11.45 Who knows! weather. ULSTER: 2.00-4.02 London.

4.15 En- chanted room. 4.30 Romper room. News. 4.50 4.55 Lost in 5.50 6.00 New5.00 space London. 5.05 Viewfinder 6.35 Crossroads. Cinema. •Mr Music'. 9.00 London. 10.30 Two-shot golf. 11.00 Randall and Hopkirk (deceased).

YORKSHIRE:

2.00 London. 4.00 Zingalon.20 Lon- Houseparty 4.15 4.30 4.55 Phoenix five. Matinee. don. 6.00 Calendar, weather. 6.05 Survival. 6.35 Beverly hillbillies.

7.00 "Summer and Smoke'. With Laurence and Rita Geraldine Page, Pamela Tiffin and Moreno. Mississippi small town spinster still dreams of her childhood sweetheart. 9.00 London. 11.00 Edgar Wallace. 10.30 Yorksport. Midnight weather. GRANADA: 2.00 Show jumping. 4.10 News. 4.40 London. 4.55 Short story Thunderbirds. 5.50 London, 6.00 Newsview. 6.05 Put it in writing. 6.10 Doing their ghie 8.25 London. Bride 6.40 Julia. 7.05 Name of the game, 8.25 Thriller. "The Murphy'. With Teresa Wright, Louis and Nancy Hayward Gates. Account of some supernatural experiments sup- posed to have been carried out in America. TYNE TEES: 2.00 London. 4.35 News- 4.55 Thunderbirds. 4.40 London. room. 5.50 London. 6. 00 Today at six, 6.30 Voyare the the to bottom 7.30 Hark at Barker. 8.00 I spy. 9.00 London. 10.30 Movie: *Splendour in Grass'. With Natalie the Wood and Warren Two Beatty. young lovers must face life. 12.45 News.

London. London.

BORDER: 2.00

4.13 News. 4.15 Room 4.55 222. 4.40 London. Cross- Forest 5.50 rangers. 6.00 News. 6.05 Roundabout. 6.35 roads. 7.00 Sky's the limit.

7.30 Ours is a nice house. 8.00 It takes a thief. 9.00 London. 10.30 Movie: "The Night Mv Number Came Up'. With Michael Sim Elliott. Redgrave, Sheila Alexander Клох and Denholm 12.10 News, weather.

SCOTTISH: 2.00

London. 4.15 Dan. to the 4.30 Crossroads. 4.55 Voyage bottom of the sea. 5.50 London. 6.00 Summer 6.30 Makem country scene. Name of the game. style. 7.00 8.25 Hark at Barker. 9.00 London. 10.30 Songs 11.00 and remembered. Fact fantasy. 11.30 Late call.

GRAMPIAN: 2.00 London. 4.30 Rum- lie jumblie 4.55 Land of the giants .50 London 6.00 News, weather. 6 10 Nanny and the professor. 6.35 Cross- roads. 7.00 Sky's the limit. 7.25 Pre- 735 Garrison's 8.25 view. gorillas. Londor 10.30 Never die. 11.00 say Outer limite

WORKERS PRESS

Proudhor

•SELECTED W

PIERRE-JOSEPH

Edited ated ro with an Edwards, translated Macmillan Stude nore dealized worl ductive forces under social pro along and small peasan 'Liberty'

Friday, August 14, 1970

WS BY TOM KEMP

'LA THEORIE GENERALE DU DROIT

ET LE MARXISME'

(The General Theory of Law and Marxism) By Eugeny B. Pasukanis. Translated by J. M.

Brohm. Presented by J. M. Vincent. Introduction by Karl Korsch. Etudes et Documentation Internationales, 2, rue Descartes, Paris-V. 1970.

and the of strengthening the comes still more impersonal. The of at its company itself has legal Oralis stale power person- command. the ality, (shareholders) have merely a right to dividends In general developing his working, - without and huge theory Pasukanis bases himself of capital are controlled masses Marx's 'Capital' upon and the by small groups of capitalists.

Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy'• Pasukanis traces out the rise of the state and its relationship In the chapter entitled "The to the law, discusses the relation- Commodity and the Subject' he ship between law and morality spells out the legal parallel to and concludes with a discussion commodity relations i the in of crime, guilt and punishment.

Korsch points out, " clearest although, terms, as an abstract Again, the in treatment is What he generally clear, if way. showing, abstract. that 'commodity short, is fetishism' has What he is arguing. basically, as its parallel "juridical fetishism'. is that the transition period there will be a survival of bour- This chapter is can only too closely geois norms which be to be adequately sum- got rid of as the state withers written marized. away. Treating the subject historic- Old forms ally, as capitalism from arose that feudalism, he shows only when bourgeois relations had be- It was these sections which come fully developed did law became dangerous in the Stalin assume an abstract character.

period and remain in the so Soviet Union. • Only when things took form, became commodity ex- For Pasukanis also says that change values, did they become a while the proletariat must utilize pure object for the law and the the old forms inherited from the disposing of them pure persons bourgeois that does past, not subjects. that they could continue to develop and take on a socialist Reciprocal content. On the contrary, as that con- So the the central contract, they tent was realized would concept of bourgeois law, perish. The thus had proletariat from à reciprocal act of exchange.

to have a clear idea, free from In the same way arose juridical all ideological of the his- veils, concepts of private property.

torical origin of these forms.

Capitalist private property is And Pasukanis continues: 'basically the freedom trans- from form capital one form to *The proletariat have a must another and from one sphere coldly to critical attitude, another in order to the obtain towards bourgeois morality and highest profit without working. the bourgeois state, but also vis- of capi- This liberty to dispose and its à-vis its own state own talist property is impossible with- morality. It must be conscious, in the existence out of words, people other of the historical deprived of property, this is of necessity for their existence but proletarians'. also for their disappearance.'

With the rise of business com- Unwittingly he had signed his panies, capitalist own death-warrant. property be- TV

BBC 1

11.55 a.m. Cricket. England v Rest of the World. 1.33 p.m. Watch with mother. 1.45-1.53 News and weather. 1.55-2.25 Bric-a-brac.

3.00-4.15 4.20 Play Cricket. school. 4.40 Mole and the Motor Car.

4.55 Score with the Scaffold. 5.30 Space kidettes. 5.40 Junior points of view. 5.50 News and weather.

ENTERTAINING WITH KERR

6.00 6.25

CHAMPIONS' QUIZ BALL.

6.45 THE VIRGINIAN. 'The Modoc Kld'.

7.55

DON'T ASK US. 8.15 ME MAMMY.

8.50 NEWS and weather. 9.10 MISS UNITED KINGDOM. Beauty contest at Blackpool.

10.00 IS THAT YOUR BODY, BOY?'.

Ron Moody as school With P.T. Instructor.

10.35 24 HOURS.

11.10 RALPH RICHARDSON'S CINEMA. 11.40 Weather.

REGIONAL BBO

All regions as BBG 1 except: myselronnie. 7.30-7.55 Speaking 6.10-6.256. .00-6.10 Reporting 42 News Midlands and E Angli: 6.00-6.25 Your Scotland: Midlands scotlant tonight:

TOORV

heatha. east, • Ireland 6.00-6.25 Scene around six, weatner Prospects

TOT

Road 11.42 inglers weather. 0.e0-525 weather South 6.00-6.25 and curiano: YOUr Weste Your region tonight: Points West. South Spotlight South-West, weather. vadionwice Wales: linteddin. Ar mam. Nationwide. 11:42 Wales 6.45 Road today.

BBC 2

11.00-11.20 a.m. PLAY SCHOOL.

4.30-6.35 p.m. CRICKET. 7.30 NEWS and 8.00 A GRINGO'S HOLIDAY. 'Santiago, iquique, and the Atacama Desert'. 8.25 SENTIMENTAL EDUCATION. 'A Start to Loving'.

9.10 WORLD CINEMA. 'Memorles of Under-Development'. Film from Cuba, with Sergio Corrieri and Daisy Granados.

10.45 NEWS and weather. 10.50 LINE-UP.

ITV

2.00 p.m. Show jumping from Hickstead. 4.10 Raj. 4.40 Zingalong.

4 55 Arthur! 5.20 Two D's and a dog. 5.50 News.

6.03

EARLY BIRD. 6.30 PEYTON PLACE.

7.00

KENNY EVERETT EXPLOSION.

7.30

GUNSMOKE.

'Slocum'. 8.30

HARK AT BARKER.

9.00

CONFESSION.

"Under the Carpet'. 10.00 NEWS. 10.30 MANNIX. 'Skid marks on a dry run'.

11.30 FACE THE PRESS. Coretta Scott King.

12 midnight SOUNDS OF PRAISE.

REGIONAL ITV

Londo to 15.50 Weekend. 90735 Please

CHANNEL:

Sir! 8.05 Hawaii 2.00-4.25 Puffin's birthday greetings. 10.30 Film: Widmark. Land the giants. "a ten "iran. Richard News. weather. 6.10 Louise. 7.00 Crossroads. Sky's scrupulous lawyer * to 70. P12.05 suaded Dangerman. 8.30 Lon- his News. C2FTS Weather. Matine Miracle Bancroft and Nith We leather 4.25 15 TWAR 421 Cus onesent: Sports desk. Sh2.25 London. 6.00 Diary rather. S.05 Tor Ne eng Te. 4.30 4.05 Paulus. murder. engine; 20 vOr

HTV

Hood. (West) channel °6.01-6.,5 Scene London. 4.034.25, lour 4.5% KOoin above except: SOUL-Cast 7.00 West. 11.00-11.30 Mad Skv's unkin THE ATTEMPT has often been made to build up the anarchist Pierre- Joseph Proudhon as a revolutionary great thinker in opposition to Marx. A perusal of the extracts collected in this volume will soon reveal why this has been a failure. If for no other reason, the thought of Proudhon lacks the intellectual power and consist- ency which Marx derived from the materialist conception of history. It is true of course that Marx at first expressed admiration for Proudhon's qualities as the theo- retician as displayed in his book 'What Is Property?'. In 1846 he wrote to the older : man proposing contact between socialists in Germany, France and Britain and an exchange of views.

Proudhon's reply was in effect, as Mehring put it, to deliver Marx a moral lecture on the dangers of dogmatism and the need for 'wise and farsighted tolerance'. Proudhon went on to say: 'I prefer to burn property in a slow fire rather than give it new force in a St Bartholomew's Night of property owners.

words, other Proudhon indicated that he was not interested in revolution, thus lay- ing himself open to the scourge of Marx's criticism directed against his next book "The System of Economic Contradic- tions'. Abandoned Using the scalpel of historical materialism and the dialectic Marx painstakingly dissected this work in "The Poverty of Philo- sophy' and at the same time helped to clarify his own ideas.

As the editor of this volume points out, Proudhon abandoned Hegel's dialectic in which oppo- sites are resolved into a new synthesis in favour of his own version in which opposites balance each other out. In the Proudhon philosophy, then, conflicts are not fought out to their conclusion but are some- how resolved without struggle. Capitalism unjust because was workers did not receive the full product of their labour and this unjust system of distribution was upheld by the state. For Proudhon, therefore, the line of advance lay through the abolition of the state. Only then could industry be re-organized: The workshop will replace the government.' In other words, what he was proposing was a system of self- governing workshops which would continue to be linked to- gether through some kind of market mechanism. Unlike Marx he did not grasp the objectively revolutionary character of the working class which has the historic role of carrying society forward from capitalism to socialism on the basis of large-scale industry and technological development.

HTV (Wales) colour channel 41 as above except: 11.00-11.30 Y dydd. HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 6.01 Y dydd.

6.30-6.35 Report Wales. 11.00-11.30 Mad Movies. ANGLIA: 2.00 London. 4.25 News- room. 4.35 Romper room. 4.55 Lost in space, 5.50 6.00 London. About 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 It takes Anglia. a thief. 10.30 Died Thousand With Jack Palance and Shelley ters. A tough gangster falls with a lame girl. 12.30 Reflection. ATV MIDLANDS: 2.00 London.

4.02 4.10 Peyton Place. London. 7.00 That 7.30 Champions. London. 10.30 Baron. 11.30 Midland member. 11.45 Who knows! weather.

ULSTER: 2.00-4.02 London. 4.15 En- chanted room. 4.30 Romper room. 4.50 News. 4.55 Lost in space. 5.50 London. 6.00 News. 6.05 Viewfinder. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 Cinema. *Mr Music'. 9.00 London. 10.30 Two-shot golf. 11.00 Randall and Hopkirk (deceased).

YORKSHIRE: 4.15

London. 2.00 4.00 Houseparty. Zingalong. 4.30 Matinee. 4.55 Phoenix five. 5.20 Lon- don. 6.00 Calendar, weather. 6.05 Survival. 6.35 Beverly hillbillies. 7.00 "Summer and Smoke' • With Laurence HarveYita Geraldine Page, Pamela Tiffin Moreno. and Mississippi small town spinster still dreams of her childhood sweetheart. 9.00 London. 10.30 Yorksport. 11.00 Edgar Wallace. Midnight weather. GRANADA: 2.00 Show jumping.

4.10 News. Short story 4.40 London. 4.55 Thunderbirds. 5.50 London. 6.00 Newsview. 6.05 Put it in writing. their thing 8.25 London. 6.10 Doing 6.40 Julia. 7.05 Name of the game. 10.30 Thriller. "The Search Bridie Murphy'. With Teresa Wright, Louis Hayward and Nancy Gates. Account of some supernatural experiments sup- posed to have been carried out in America. TYNE TEES: 2.00 London. 4.35 News- 4.40 London. 4.55 Thunderbirds. room. 5.50 London. 6.00 Today at six. 6.30 Voyaxe to the bottom of the sea. 7.30 Hark at Barker. •8.00 I spy. 9.00 London. 10.30 Movie: *Splendour in Grass'. With Natalie Wood the and Warren Beatty. Two young lovers must face life. 12.45 News.

2.00 London. London. 4.55

BORDER:

News. 4.15 Room 222. 4.40 Forest 5.50 London. 6.00 rangers. News. 6.05 Roundabout. 6.35 Cross- roads. 7.00 Sky's the limit. 7.30 Ours is a nice house. 8.00 It takes a thief. 9.00 London. 10.30 Movie: "The Night My Number Came Up'. With Michael Similliott. Redgrave, Sheila Alexander Knox and Denholm 12.10 News, weather.

SCOTTISH: 2.00

London. 4.15 Dan. Voyage to the 4.30 bottom of the sea30 Crossroads. 4.55 5.50 London. 6.00 Summer 0o Name Makem scene. the game. 10.30 country of 3.25 style. Hark at 9.00 Barker. London. 11.00 Fact Songs remembered. and fantasy. 11.30 Late call.

GRAMPIAN: 2.00 London. 4.30 Rum- of the giants. blie jumblie. 6.00 News, weather. ross- 4.55 Land 5.50 London. 6.10 Nanny the professor. 6.35 and roads. 7.00 Sky's the limit. 7.25 Pre- 735 Garrison's 8.25 view gorillas. Londor 10.30 Never die. 11.00 say Outer Jimite

WORKERS PRESS

Proudhon

'SELECTED WRITINGS OF

PIERRE-JOSEPH PROUDHON'

Edited with an Introduction by Stewart Edwards, translated by Elizabeth Fraser.

Macmillan Student Editions. £1 Like all Utopians he looked bourgeoisie. Thus he writes that in the course of the class struggle, backwards, to the idealized world If the which was passing away, the peonie are stronger the future possibilities opened up the confederation [i.e. the state] by the development of the pro- democraner ate into centrabized ductive forces under social con- democracy, the bour- trol. geoisie gain the upper hand, it It was characteristic of Proud- will degenerate into a constitu- hon, too, that despite the severity tional monarchy'. of Marx's "The criticism in By the of the words Poverty of Philosophy' and the 'degenerate into' it is clear that "The other works of Marx, from by 'centralized democracy Communist Manifesto' Proudhon does not mean a tran- onwards, which he must have read, he was sitional stage of proletarian never capable of making dictatorship. What he any has in kind of reasoned reply. mind what is called He closed his mind and went 'totalitarianism'. along himself He is expressing a pessimistic entangling in further errors, contradictions and view about the workers' capacity banalities. these selections In Proudhon's writings As show, praise Proudhon's the working class theories were for is mixed extremely hazy and inconsistent. up with criticism of its short- He expressed them haphazardly comings, its 'sheep-like behaviour' without any clear guide as to how and 'intellectual chaos'.

they could be carried out.

He sees it seeking for 'a leader There was criticism of the whose word they can trust, existing system and a whole lot whose intentions they are familiar of moralizing on of with and who devotes himself to variety subjects, but coherent no pro- their cause' — in other words a gramme and no general theory dictator. ( No wonder some fascist of social development. writers have hailed Proudhon as Revolution, After the 1848 a precursor. which brought him election In fact many of the passages the parliament of Second the in this selection the give game Republic, French and away as far as Proudhon's revo- more especially Napoleon after Louis lutionary pretentions are con- Bonaparte's coup d'etat, Proud- cerned. hon began to incorporate into his Conservative writings an increasingly con- servative note. Those who wish to maintain that Proudhon was Strongly marked in his narrow great revolutionary find them- French nationalism. selves embarrassed in explaining Also obvious is a retreat from this development. his earlier position on property The weaknesses in Proudhon's (the famous theft'), 'property is thought was traceable to quite as when he writes in 1862, 'my definite social roots. turn has now come to call myself Stewart Edwards, who edits a conservative and to defend the this selection, does this briefly institution of property. along lines which are familiar to This same conservative, even Marxists. strain, has won ad- Icacuonary 'In effect,' he says, 'Proudhon's mirers for Proudhon in Catholic writings on property were able and right-wing circles in France combine an attack on large- and even further afield. scale ownership, which gave his When he writes about war he writings a revolutionary reputa- descends to nonsense: tion, with a conservative defence 'To me it is clear that war is of the small property owner.'

linked at a very deep level and And •At he continues: the in a way we are only just begin- heart of all Proudhon's writings ning perceive, with man'c on social questions there is this sense of religion, justice, beauty for the small property concern morality. One might and holder' Later he writes: say that it is the abstract formu- "To see Proudhon as a philo- lation of the dialectic. sopher of the petty bourgeoisie 'War is the basis of our history, is to associate him with the long our life and our whole being.'

tradition of the discontent of the Plenty of other could auotes middleman and small peasant be given of the same order, and farmer. Proudhon felt authorized to write pompously about all 'Liberty manner of subjects. As he affirms that he con- was from sciously turns away from reason It this class that to feeling it is not surprising that Proudhon himself came, for whom he wrote and from whom he writes, the as it were. his principal followers spirit moves him: he puts down whatever comes into his head. He recruited. thus elevates the prejudices of Edwards rightly notes, follow- ing Marxist the petty bourgeois of his time critics, that Proud- hon shared in the ambiguity into her come of he comes out with stuff the bourgeoisie's social about poverty being virtuous, position, the name declaims that he finds himself in of anarchism individualistic notion of liberty while criticizing communion with the whole and that the new industrial capitalism in human the name of social justice.

generations are in communion of with him and maintains that if was the backwardness French capitalist development in men and women were on a foot- ing of equality 'this would mean the 19th century, the slowness of the end of the of the of large-scale industry institution TicA and of a large marriage, the death of love and the conservation the ruin of the human race'.

small peasantry property-owning The for main interest of this ensured Proudhon That French volume, besides being the wide audience in the only labour and convenient source available for a movement translation of influence which has still not representative Proudhon completely died out. writings, is that it The revival of the working- serves to put him in his place.

Edwards save a class movement which took place M re tries to from the 1860s little from the shipwreck, but coincided with Proudhon's greatest influence. It his Introduction shows him as he was the self-taught workers and was and the selections themselves complete the impression. artisans in workshops and small If exposure to what Proudhon industries who were impressed actually wrote is the surest means by his criticisms of large-scale industry the state and by undermining his reputation, and his stress on the moral virtues of this book does a good job.

After reading it no what was, in fact, a pre-capitalist one can way of life. seriously place Proudhon and One sees over and over again Marx on the same plane or main- that Proudhon is as much against tain that the former has anything the of value to teach the working- organized working class in big industry as he is against the class movement today.

PAGE THREE

never intended to do anything THE AMERICAN construc- tion worker is in. in more By tying themselves to thell ways than one, an extremely leadersniDs

WILL

case commited uner racianst • ano patrionc boll unions precarious position. trades cies and to Nixon and is sals tect his high standard of living hiring Negroes, and there are the Cults ca unions again with the lowest paid against the contractors' attempts Gor and inensty, 100S. to eliminate skilled crattsmen and aus struggle crart union ana to Its narrow ine construcaon worker of back- should either, the backwardness there. sere are

1300.UUU

members building unions workers United States. 106,000 Unly labour- Banding are paid 10 on thi THE 'SPECIAL relationship' initiated a scheme to that Harold Wilson was tractors involved in federal con- fond of boasting that Britain he, wwilson's projects employ strucuon had with the US had some of greater numders as his ale intende éold water thrown on it in a ng od the sore and did noth book published last week.

only a narrow gap betweer 1 хоп. the positions Washington and book 'The by Times Administratio used it effectively editor Louis Heren Hanoi …had to be bridged American bring about peace excuse former President says maintainin for whole-hearted support for the eliminating it. despiser war] reauced onason betrayed of the Texa war. hill country.

QUOTAS

book No The which the no the munt under Labour "military new letermine number was the pressure from the deep-going opposition to th war that Johnson's Administra more Negroes o raise tion after everv tmend-in- need that could be found. attempt Wilson Yet er among new workers fro

OWI

per per cere be stressest Wouldn't ent to l cent bu 19 stressed year 1 nIs worker Secretars Admin ordere ah guired Jonnson President ohnso oren made the oint that cae unitea state had would nave aone always exercised the regiment, but you woudn't.

believed Vietnam and Wal had always, Hanoi Inal followed an intransigent course.

we ut uldn't do a damn have failed miserably as Heren of ohnson's so len only 1,250 jobs Wilson's decisio of the book by 1974 sinharare and she Persian Guit withdraw from were promised. problem Wait reveals really called Negroeen White House one night in 1900 President this year, partially because ired

TOUNG

• here gial to set a bitter mood, especially when and might reasonab e asked to share the policy bill the Bene leaders rohnson a view imperat sun maily set after 195 During n call to the wynit it plain hat he had a now opinion 'made louse Presider all Churchill's successors Sir Alec should have approached him. A market could have been But the found. or alled Earl Harold ovall compared YY LISOn.

THE

UNEMPLOYMENT

rate for July jumped back to the 5 per cent level of May after dropping slightly to 4.7 per cent in June. ine a per number since February 196 since excludine total faling by 145,000.

Contained in these statistics is unemployment each of 1930s jus unemployment the cornem, boyt around also In spread accounted for 'HOW CAN we continue this would collect of the cops not pro non-Crops for while millions duced. bonanza Negro vorker unchanged at 8.3 per cent remain in the grip of hunger • the unlimited paymen The sharpest increase was and malnutrition?' made until now. white-collar workers amongst 2.6 to 3.1 cent) (from for blue-collar workers there was Despite being This question is now trim subsidies bill echoed in the House of Repre- sentatives by opponents of the qualifying the pay $4,000 million paid out each ments by leaving land fallow.

year in agricultural subsidies- given

OBJECTIVE

une starcerns sull large landowners for not growing 1.7 million 'defence jobs', includ- ing those of 600,000 in the armed One journalist commented: forces, will be eliminated by crops. Department in the year Derence The size of these subsidies is enormous. rmed besides ew ments or betwein sl0o,oll pay six farms received ers million awhile me farm 'earned' more scandal and musted charges o 'Thes welC long grown fat on mintary oro- will,

LIMITS

jects Packard estimates. measures mdividual nrobab v make recundant about a une new workers tne comin The rules nassed ovine mous removed some ot Representatives means unai excesses But the hard fact of thons of than These farmer would receive more $165,000 for not growing wheat, ment of thousands of millions cotton and feed grains. the plans dollars to tarmers not to produce i thoms which are hatched Te ily or each of the thee sorely Isc. Pentagon tend to overtaken condemnation reCeIve the system that gives rise to it.

by much bigger disasters.

WORKERS PASS

GLC denies Westway Brandt and Kosygin put pen to paper, but re-housing promise Economic crisis • celing in one voom collapsed completely Ned.

behind Pact BEFORE FLYING home after signing the Bonn- Moscow 'non-aggression Pact', W German Chan- cellor Willy Brandt yesterday had a final round of talks with his Soviet number, Premier Alexei Kosygin. Before attending a ban- quet held in his honour Heathrow storemen Thursday-Soviet Wednesday night, Brandt also had four hours ignore sack threat of talks with the soviet Party chief Communist Leonid Brezhnev. THE 700 BEA and BOAC storemen at London's Heath- row airport yesterday ignored the managements' sacking leader. threat and continued their strike into its fourth day.

BEA Se On Wednesdav KA sent Uruguay develop clampdown Breast in to lum or be intensified control the distribution vital engineer- FOURTEEN - thousand Uru- ing spares to both airlines.

Genéral ca in endins the division perpetuated after a in une weeke will be under left-wing political the big capitalist sur pressure President Pompidou of France.

The dispute began after the storemen Natient 1 татарот Deins 'Reali m' shi city, pay parity claim Soviet Stormy

ALL TRADES

Stormont

UNIONS ALLIANCE

cardina. muniqué,

MEETINGS

molich, whs ms t ton the immutability presen it guards are discovered by SWit: LEssons of the dock suke mimate i.. Not east. New round of at sukmore than diplomacy is

SUBSCRIBE NOW

ses with the last stinge end or an he y the NLF attacks statement that there with a capital mote anicam renks svereomi Partial lull comes to an end care or a tic A bin

BY A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

LIBERATION

FRONT

slipped

NATIONAL

one nailas through a joint Saigon-US troop ring yesterday after several days of fighting along the coastal plain some 20 miles trom industrial production on lets the northern town of Hue.

The "search - and - Faking a mounted by puppet the lust US forces in Quang Azerbaijan never realized the follows ROGER GARAUDY, expelled rrovince even fake the plan largels clasnes Irom tne french communist S Viet- bast Lne Party earlier this vear tor his Oil namese border with Laos. opposition to the invasion of guerrillas

BY A MORON RES

where have and to Polish surrounded the strategic zechosiovakia US base called "O'Reilly. government strike-breaking In Grigorenko's home, Spain, has replied to accusa- to bring uns manned bomber Stalinists that a tion by the No day document ne nerpea to publish OR suo attac in France is a fake. Methods e2 10s for it positions around the Garaudy is clearly right to method P0r:20-2069 our the Claphan High Steer (Tel: nent othe FoReil base in Street. potatoes meased with well-known is not eneste remote I would like to subscribe to Workers Press for move by guerillas is under S Varga was a fante 19200 writing the Party's econome 24.7 Per i per ent, potatoes 10 pe bed and legor at and of and see society. Lull After a partial lull in the Back as % Produced Discredit

MORE PAY

lenar to be staging Sine it sas central

LATE NEWS

management These any no 96 a, against ane is must strengthened

FOR POLICE

he soviet been detere over operations in th mperialists and their puppet ield. Changes in

EEF MEETS

- MICHAEL X

regimes. of the meet allegediy sectors widow restament in Torpo meeting various here leaders before Zionin was not X) claimed yesterday.

WEATHER

acares also called to neena competiveness" organization ole or the Kille thunder ernment's thereby increas- ing productivity. rectoron and leaving is 8 6 showers. Cool to raise prices. Redress must be the t Produc

COAL SHAKE-UP

I!L! na: wish Worker Coai Nationa the balance betw redress indus Near tormal. Maxe 170 • says the "Soviet economy and thi the United State is bished yesterday. Wear normahangeable. Temperatures only soviet inaustry Can Friday, August 14, 1970 occunied thel house

TOT

f the fight to keep their home dry. have to place large rooms have to be vacated. Damp Neither the com Diclely. ined Mrs Shankster, 'have done a

BY A WORKERS PRESS CORRESPONDENT

DESPITE an Israeli scare about the deployment of Soviet missiles in the Suez canal zone four hours after the beginning of the Middle-East 'cease-fire', diplomatic moves continue in New York to finalize the talks between the two sides.

The Swedish Ambas- sador to Moscow, Gunnar Jarring, who has been the United charged DY railmen Nations with arranging the talks, was still waiting yesterday for Israel's reply

FROM PAGE ONE

the on place, date and valuereport

PIB

'will be of some level of the negotiations o ellip he suitable adopt Have y l with Egypt and Jordan. mineworkers will and Hussein have Nasser dily musiols especlal) already conveyed their pre- aner ast vear s waees sinke- ferences to Jarring. the fighting capacity of about the Daly leadership. Israeli delay was thought by some observers n a senes ol consu tation. be -and par- • a protest against the alleged since it took once ticularly in the course of the United the villalil docks strike -the have Egyptians Inoued measure Nations oficials do not attach trade union leaders, both 'left importance to the mich and right. incident. Clearly they have concluded They expected such reports that little from both sides throughout serious Donuca the three-month they truce, ODDOSIuon Can expecrec said. trom that quarter As Barber his with PU chiets os Silence meeung wednescav: long-term aims. agreed on the 'We are After six of the oniy 'cease-fire' which Zionist Palestinian attacks Prices? mando positions beer Ilave passed over silence by the

TUC

asser tE oress radio general secretam Victor Tere are already indications heather C annuncer nn opposition to the deal Congress T021 Wednesday that the is bulding up disagreed completely Egypt. fọr economic trying

DILIY

pressure soley wases "resumaov. in reaters re would be perfectly all ringt it land, tormist cloud-cuckod the Tories made some gestures towards from the government well knows, goes hand-in-hand ROLE of George Clark, much-publicised present

WIT

acceotance eec say ambiguous discin ine the Wages move. dicc ment in the 'national interést' men Tories that the of the union leaders- graph- full-time chairman yesterday the dalle senke tatt cideti on

• FROM PAGE ONE

dock housing, John supposedly crunch comes rather rifv the meaning of the recen! men with the lead a political struggle ent that there wolllo ne an immeeae principles sing of families in the Acklam Rd area unlon wao are antine Tn1s. azalnst lorvIsm art of Walmer Rd the 'Economist' re we ll release again that spirit in the Woich Was shown marked anolt Mr ones' role h of these roads flank the new Westway seven-week strike. ed highway in W "Mr innec hac chown that London. Asked whether the strikers seic m bi dern so mere real- headquarters of the , of the Guass NEr Sic s Worker istic man recog- te metine tog ben ec of which Доте 1. strike begar reinstatement that the meting 25, 1970 ›ecn redsonlaul Mr Caughey told us: omist', August the and that he believed that The Tory plan for beating sing of the tenants would begin within Rights back ext fortnighGLC press officer tells a the working class retec the unton Chiets cass the 'It is ouestion noc The question in this present largely non-political unions. commentin satistied" after his that Clark character of the wages move- cisnute 1s puant and jam ahe ory satisne che. tent, confined work, to withdraw his labour antstand e fors igh te- _economic questions. that no particular unne background is the had been mentioned at which inserat on the employers ters- re-employ. rapid rise in unemo ovmenu renousıng wolld secin ment Pilkington's get tne tracitona orv big suick our- W e Gicn't commit awd. tor entorcing their polices on selves, he said. then the this lot

WITD

nere the woruino c'ace In addition the press officer The big dangers in front of coverrment Will have assured us that there had been the sand times class are made trouble doing the same in all industries.' thousand union S'oton picsell actions in the face of the Tory ons auent are

TULS

of the of dockers out tradition betraval the 1926 General strike. bulding he nț a new

SOUTHAMPTON'S

1,700 | hersh to the unions. dockers walked fighting force the mitsainst all Tab oration resign and col- afternoon mass over dissatisfaction the Clark R meeune covern. the aDoUt om or bavments i ments pans, is now a ques• no discussion on the Walmer tor ate shitts. tion ot the utmost ureency.

Rd houses. 'George is concerned with immediately along the

STILE AVAILABLE

those motorway, he told US. Two neonle in Walmer Rd St, and ram ber which Tuln ınto n ave brezv concec

THE

Working-class from smoke and fumes. Every house dia hosse those roads suffers unity needed and rotting 1970 wood-work. to defeat

DOCK

11th-hour the Tory

STRIKE

bid to stop governmer gas dumping ia vanal A LAST-MINUTE court ruling US could prevent the A Tmu 60 plans to Gumn tong nerve gas in the Atlantic.

governor argue gas poses a threat to land carao and cen te They are seeking a restrain- ing Second while the onding ot tne continued at the military nort of Sunny Point, N Carolina.

The Defence Department has said that it will wait until decision reached before A SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE PAMPHLET PRICE Gd going ahead se ho irt order the court ven ex- the gas not retused nerted to he diimned betore cnn e țe aac take at cast thred ores dayi!

civilian dnalära Arallale troca 186a, Clapbara Hizh Street, SWA