Workers Press no. 298

Workers press

HOOVER

THE DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE

THE TORY Party conference

WHEN

concluded its euphoric sessions in the second week of October, the capitalist press was raving. The 'Sunday Telegraph' editorial crowed: "The delegates were cheering and shouting with glee at the prospect of the barricades ... What the Prime Minister was offering was a sombre struggle for survival. He knows this, is plainly prepared for it... That Mr Heath will lead is no longer in question. Now the people must be persuaded to follow. There were some dissenting voices in the serried ranks of the Blackpool counter-revolution however.

Peregrine Worsthorne, for one, wrote his own querulous verdict. "The truth is that the battle ahead is going to be nasty, brutish and far from short.

The men at Blackpool too pink last week looked and sounded a shade too nice, washed Oh, what a beautiful war! and and smiling. Volunteers-a-plenty for the front. No hint of conscription But there will be soon and that will be the test.

now. Mr Worsthorne and his friends did not have to wait Mauled and winded by the long to get their answer. council workers, the Tory government, party and press now stagger around like a drunk who has collided with a lamp-post. 'Economy in ruins' The Guardian' says that 'the government's economic .. is already in ruins'. And it demands to know: policy Are we, then, doomed to provide Karl Marx with post- humous proof of his theories?

Something,' it says, 'has to be done'!..= 'The Times' advocates a staggered wage freeze, but at the same time is extremely dubious about productivity dealing! 'Experience suggests that arbitrarily relating wage increases to increases in productivity, as a national norm, is pointless and unconvincing (sic) ...

The only obvious ardstick which everyone accepts is the cost of living No one can be expected to accept less than the rise ir of living without rancour (1) and everyone has the cost come to expect a little more.

Far cry This is indeed a far cry from the days when The supported productivity as the only Times' vigorously and unemployment. Now, believe alternative to inflation assured by the wise men of Printing it or not, we are House Square that in the long run low productivity and wage inflation are separate problems Peter Wilsher sums up the size of the problem which capacity of the Tories, is beyond the comprehension he writes in this week's 'Sunday Times Business when News' : 'At the moment, the motor industry has over 35,000 men laid off, and there are substantial disputes ... In four other major industries. At the same time there are at least 26 large pay claims pending, involving almost of four million people, asking for an average increase over 30 per cent. The smallest outstanding demand is for 10 per cent and the largest This is and the leans the end of Hears problems.

On the Common Market, on Rhodesia, on US tariffs, on the Middle East and a whole series of foreign issues as well. the Tories are becoming bogged down.

If they are now talking seriously about a three-month wage and prices freeze and severe curtailment of credit, it is only because of the Tory government's grave weak- ness and the unyielding resistance of the working class.

not because of any inherent strength in the government or the system it represents.

Annual conference It is against this background of crisis and growing depression in capitalist circles that the All Trades Unions Alliance conference December 19 is taking annual on place and it would be dangerous for anyone to ignore it.

This conference will be of crucial importance to the future of the working class-and indeed, Tory of the government—because its principal task will be to adopt and fight for the six-point Charter of Basic Rights. (See yesterday's Workers Press.)

The struggle for this Charter is the only road by which the working class can effectively defend the con- quests of past struggles while linking these past conquests to the impending struggle for power.

It is becoming increasingly clear to many sections of the working class that an attack against one democratic prelude for an onslaught on all right today is only the the democratic rights of the workers.

All workers' rights Therefore to defend one right is to pose all the rights of the class gained in centuries of bitter struggle.

It is also evident to many workers that the defence of these rights cannot be reconciled with the continued existence of monopoly capitalism and a reactionary Tory government.

property-less working class can survive and even its living standards—a right-less working class improve cannot. To sacrifice its rights to the capitalists is condemn itself to the most barbarous regimentation and servitude, for centuries perhaps.

A government which proposes to do these things is a tyranny and as the Charter correctly states 'must be destroved' The ATUA must address itself to the conference questions of policy outlined in the Charter because it is only through a struggle for comprehensive policy cover- ing. all the major aspects of capitalism's decline and the struggle of the class that the fight against the working and successfully carried out.

Tories be effectively The struggle for policy-not protest-is the aim of

ATUA

the ATUA. This means that while the supports the December 8 as a minimum step against strike one Tory policy, it warns all workers not to be aspect of diverted, by protest of the Stalinists, from the actions real struggle against all aspects of Tory policy.

Such a policy can and will be carried out only through the struggle for the Charter of Basic Rights.

We urge all trade unionists to fight for this Charter in their unions and, on the basis of this struggle, to secure maximum number of delegations to the ATUA the conference. The daily paper that leads the fight against the Tory government PRICE 6d.

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

TUESDAY NOVEMBER 10, 1970 NUMBER 256

Lord Robens Tory press forecasts November £1,250 Appeal A million Fund reaches launches E180 17s 10 THE FIGHT is speeding up witch-hunt is possible, says t ToThis is the vicious reply be jobless We must Rear Back at We must fight on miners Everyday, it can with 1 yers donatEpear ou nd. send your donat

BY STEPHEN JOHNS

186a Clapham Migh byXmas?

NATIONAL

COAL BOARD

chairman Lord Robens yesterday described miners leading the Builders back spreading coalfield strike as 'avowed communists' ST HELENS building workers and anti-democratic. organi ed buy the via mazed As the National Union of Mineworkers' Kent and Yorkshire area councils endorsed strike action against his 12 7s 6d to 13 pay offer, he said on the BBC •World at One' programme: in Manchester an he see The rank-and-file would have mineworkers accepted the offer we made them, but it is the militant

BY DAVID MAUDE

mel communists who have led them away from acceptance.'

getting their jobs PRESSURE is rapidly building up both outside and inside Edward Heath's five-month-old Tory Stocks ow evel of 8.6 million tons unprece government for no-holds-barred action against tne

PRINTING HOUSE SE.

deas like 5 Wales ore virtuly tonseste it.

working-class living standards by means of a THE TIMES NOx. 7. 1970

SITUATION

massive dose of freeze and squeeze.

A spokesman for the NCB said that in thi situation two things could be done Enoch Powell could intervene e Both political and financial com- The government Inan mentators are now openly talking attempt to Coal

NOTHING

MORE THAN

in terms of at least a million welcomes 10%! unemployed by Christmas, a round of big-firm bankruptcies and a Tory cuts three-month wage freeze. If the dispute went a serious situati an NCB spokesman told Workers Press THE REAL Tory job of slashing government expenditure has

COMMENT

begun, according to extreme right- and bakery cold the eat to a winger Enoch Powell. Tready bad, with or without a strike o niners bloo he Tories set remselves Le sit Caromosesterdane Bater su s and distribu- the producers the complete sultation es. waste at the 5o solied.

Rigid policy acute. There a vitaly noe sie and power Shong the road to a ride nored me *This might perhaps happen as a result full prices the real dise shot milan welre and abolion stocks at present. It troops were used in S Wales they woul ave to go dow And don't try it on with the miners either!

sorbed this as an in a ear dor 'Backlog' Conferences prospect lot only mus

UNDOUBTED

Oks or ene import of on Feather against disputes pledge aid to doubted possibility an un slow down Bill - in words glassworkers that the state sector will have sail present hate in nose SPEAKING to school children return from all over the country who FIRST ROUND of the All Trades Unions Alliance's hid take if suc attended the 16th Ford Le

WOSTERDAYS

council workers ture to Youth in London yes.

regional conference on the anti-Tory struggle and the terday, TUC government. general secretary sacked Pilkington glassworkers' reinstatement fight so he strike as i te This loophoe backlogs for dearing rubish Mr vic rearner attacked un government's Industrial Rea tions Bill. By Industrial reporter Somoron what negia or 10.000 meters are or he repeated nis charge tna it was an attempt to bring

BREADE

the American system of bar- Matchelors Foods plant Wednesday, when th gaining to Dritain ana sala TUC emphasis was on econo- are expected to mic growth If a government has plans

JOINED

for profits and prices as well Communist Party member 1Oo S Wales the stoppe as wages, we are prepared to strikers go along with it whatever its Choice: bankru vith their olass political complexion, he said.

• PAGE FOUR COL. 1

play token sake yesterday.

Tough warning to Carr-but union In SCOTLAND 34 collieries leaders prepare grave lesterday morning afte during the strike secrets described the discredit strike action assist in the nor piration ot Bernadette Unite Norman Sage. in Paris one at a to cole se our controld a Branch hat is ta main 8, 00 men in Scotland 'Win both our street band gress

YORKSHIRE

against this Bil 45.000 are the

• PAGE FOUR COL. 4

• PAGE FOUR COL. 2

prevail. PAGE FOUR COL. b

workers press

OVER

THE DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE

WHEN

THE TORY Party conference its euphoric sessions in the concluded second week of October, the capitalist press was raving. The 'Sunday Telegraph' editorial crowed: "The delegates were cheering and shouting with glee at the prospect of the barricades ... What the Prime Minister was offering was a sombre struggle for survival. He knows this, is plainly prepared for it... That Mr Heath will lead is no longer in question. Now the people must be persuaded to follow some dissenting voices in the serried There were Mr ranks of the Blackpool counter-revolution however.

Peregrine Worsthorne, for one, wrote his own querulous verdict. The truth is that the battle ahead is going to be The men at Blackpool nasty, brutish and far from short.

last week looked and sounded a shade too nice, too pink washed and smiling. Oh, beautiful warl and what Volunteers-a-plenty for the front. No hint of conscription But there will be soon and that will be the test.

now. Mr Worsthorne and his friends did not have to wait long to get their answer. Mauled and winded by the and press council workers, the Tory government, party now stagger around like a drunk who has collided with a lamp-post. 'Economy in ruins' 'The Guardian' says that "the government's economic is already in ruins'.. And it demands to know: policy. Are we, then, doomed to provide Karl Marx with post- humous proof of his theories? Something,' it says, 'has to be done'! 'The Times' advocates a staggered wage freeze, but at the same time is extremely dubious about productivity dealing ! 'Experience suggests that arbitrarily relating wage increases to increases in productivity, as a national norm, The only obvious is pointless and unconvincing (sic) ...

accepts is the of living. which everyone cost yardstick No one can be expected to accept less than the rise ir without rancour (!) and everyone has the cost of living come to expect a little more' Far cry This is indeed a far cry from the days when "The supported productivity the Times' vigorously as only and unemployment. Now, inflation believe alternative to assured by the wise men of Printing it or not. we are House Square that 'in the long run low productivity and wage inflation are separate problems'.

Peter Wilsher sums up the size of the problem which of the Tories, is beyond the comprehension or capacity this week's 'Sunday Times Business when he writes in News' : 'At the moment, the motor industry has over 35,000 men laid off, and there are substantial disputes four other major industries.

At the same time there are at least 26 large pay claims pending, involving almost four million people, average increase of asking for an over 30 per cent. The smallest outstanding demand is for 10 per cent and the largest .. for 300 per cent.' This is by no means the end of Heath's problems.

on Rhodesia, on US tariffs, on On the Common Market, the Middle East and a whole series of foreign issues as well. the Tories are becoming bogged down.

If they are now talking seriously about a three-month wage and prices freeze and severe curtailment of credit, it is only because of the Tory government's grave weak- ness and the unyielding resistance of the working class- because of any inherent strength in the government not or the system it represents.

Annual conference It is against this background of crisis and growing depression in capitalist circles that the All Trades Unions December 19 is taking Alliance annual conference on place and it would be dangerous for anyone to ignore it.

This conference will be of crucial importance to the Tory future of the working class-and indeed, of the government-because its principal task will be to adopt six-point Charter of Basic Rights. (See and fight for the yesterday's Workers Press.)

The struggle for this Charter is the only road by which the working class can effectively defend the con- quests of past struggles while linking these past conquests to the impending struggle for power.

It is becoming increasingly clear to many sections of the working class that an attack against one democratic right today is only the prelude for an onslaught on all the democratic rights of the workers.

All workers' rights Therefore to defend one right is to pose all the rights of the class gained in centuries of bitter struggle. It is also evident to many workers that the defence of these rights cannot be reconciled with the continued existence of monopoly capitalism and a reactionary Tory government.

A property-less working class can survive and even improve its living standards-a right-less working class to the capitalists is to cannot. To sacrifice its rights barbarous regimentation and condemn itself to the most servitude, for centuries perhaps.

A government which proposes to do these things is a tyranny and as the Charter correctly states 'must déstroyed'. The ATUA conference must address itself to the questions of policy outlined in the Charter because it is through a struggle for comprehensive policy cover- only major aspects of capitalism's decline and the ing.all the the fight struggle of the working class that against the Tories be effectively and successfully carried can out. the aim The struggle for policy- -not protest- of This while the ATUA supports the ATUA. means that the December 8 strike as a minimum step against one of Tory policy, it warns all workers not to be aspect actions of the Stalinists, from the diverted, by protest real struggle against all aspects of Tory policy. Such a policy can and will be carried out only through the struggle for the Charter of Basic Rights. We urge all trade unionists to fight for this Charter in their unions and, on the basis of this struggle, to secure the ATUA the maximum number of delegations conference. The daily paper that leads the fight against the Tory government INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • TUESDAY NOVEMBER 10, 1970 • NUMBER 298 PRICE 6d.

COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

November £1,250 Appeal Fund reaches £180 17s 10 to de by raising everythin in Phan the rund

BY STEPHEN JOHNS

186a Clap hom, Sigh Street, NATIONAL COAL BOARD chairman Lord Robens yesterday described miners leading the Builders back spreading coalfield strike as avowed communists' and anti-democratic. As the National Union of Mineworkers' Kent and Yorkshire area councils endorsed strike action against his * 7s od to ts pay offer, he said on the BBC 'World at One' programme: mineworkers would ' have rank-and-fle accepted the offer we made them, but it is the militant getting their jobs communists who have led them away from acceptance.

PRESSURE is rapidly building up both outside and inside Edward Heath's five-month-old Tory government for no-holds-barred action against deStecks on tievello are unprece dreas like wales are mis working-class living standards by means of a

THE TIMES

SITUATION

massive dose of freeze and squeeze.

situation ena for thou be add hat in this Both political and financial com- government could stocks to mentators are now openly talking or the Coal

NOTHING

Board non-striking areas to those in terms of at least a million

MORETHAN

from welcomes on strike. 10%! unemployed by Christmas, a round tory and stock bankruptcies and a of big-firm three-month wage freeze. If industry ground to a halt it would be up l nat festerday easter casin abinet hawks and leadin: industrials the ernment to decid an NCB spokesman told Workers Pres meis this course on this weak Cabine THE REAL Tory job of slashing government expenditure has

COMMENT

begun, according to extreme right- A spokesman for the Depart ofTen winger Enoch Powell. welcomes Davies • the products a dia b of Commons public ell's vices. See compete he Barber's cuts. mments on the imposition of prescription n S WALES, where all the 50 collierie charges. Rigid policy re now strikebound, the shortage is alrea "Oic service be it acule stocks of anthracite Scamp's report enditure been cut, he says the and are sold are from une along the road to a rigidly-enforced incomes demand to market. Private consumers are also hit coal dis- government ganization carain report inal tnere are n Economic Co wet ales they on have to go yere And don't try it on with the miners either!

Powell goes out of his way to praise thos scribed this as an feiis ade Welsh less children. But there is more to conce prospect. Conferences "Backlog' Not only must council house

UNDOUBTED

according to Tory logician, bu disputes Feather against ment of coal from Frock sabroa abroade lower subsidies in fut slow down Bill - in words doubted possibility glassworkers SPEAKING to school children vill remair return half-nationalized from del the the colord who as at present.' FIRST ROUND of the All Trades Unions Alliance's attended

TRADE

Ford Lec.

AND

Nicholas der - Secretary regional conference on the anti-Tory struggle and the ture to routh in London yes. Venom terday, TUC general secretary sacked Pilkington glassworkers' reinstatement fight at on exe Mr Vic Feather wy nat venom nis res tod bearing bonus strike as it gathers How he government s maustrial held By Industrial reporter tions Bill. He repeated his charge that strike It was an attempt to orin: rapidly the American system of bar- gaining to Britain fought Wednesdas we strike and foundrya er hang ine TUC emphasis was on econo Powell is 30,000 men are expected to mic growth. on we inherited from you be out faveurable in this respect will do tom today, *It a government has dans

JOINED

for profits and prices as well as wages, we are prepared to strikers ift solidarit Docks and Raren simp go along with it whatever its unity of purpose with the political complexion, he said.

PAGE FOUR COL. 1

Pilkington strikers. play token strike yesterday Tough warning to Carr-but union ur intertion, filted to break te , defeat leaders prepare grave struggle chlessly es increased the effort to is described the e an he not mend to urgent necessity of steppin liscredit strike actior union leaders fight th tenco traging rike unions is rapidly assist in the Bernadette Unite the week pike • spread But in Paris aar form the union leaders so 'This is miners •agements part to rush 1 Retations th the response at other in solid conference of branch Thrown sponge ndustria arity with their workmates.

remain at omen in Soland bri and it wiser se open sa than no Trade Con- Pure not Union Tration on e strike the sergest and dent

YORKSHIRE

45,000 TUC leaders) do no against this Bill rs and victims of governmen ported

PAGE FOUR COL.

nust understand that we

PAGE FOUR COL. 4

PAGE FOUR COL. Z

Prevall •

PAGE TWO

SIR CYRIL BURT, Professor Psychology at the University of London has drawn considerable atten- tion to himself, because of his claim that working.

class people are, on the whole, less intelligent than their middle-class counterparts.

Sir Cyril is regarded by 'general mental ability. many as one of the world's Such a factor undoubtedly To eminent psychologists exists. illustrate this, let most us contrast such able persons and he is one of the few to as Marx, Shakespeare, Éinstein receive a Knighthood. and Newton with the inhabi- tants of a colony for mental He maintains that intelli- defectives. result of gence is largely the While we can see great dif- inheritance-that it is passed ferences on from father to son-with the personalities and behaviour four environmental the experi- ences contributing little.

eminent men, they all share something in common which Sir Cyril's views naturally they do not share with the provide great ammunition for mental defectives—-a high level right-wing Tory educationists of general mental ability or of who, in their notorious 'Black intelligence. Paper Two', have demanded a drastic cut-back in educational An individual's intelligence cacidren. See Crisis ing facilities level depends on both consti- working-class tutional Edu- and environmental Workers Press, factors and cation'. Octo- also the complex ber 17, 1969.) interaction which takes place among these factors. The Black Paper says, 'what Consider is the use of trying to develop constitutional fac- children's intelligence tors. It is obvious that an indi- by edu- methods, vidual's level •of intelligence cational intelli- gence is largely inherited?'

depends, part at least, on the physical condition of the In case anyone thinks Sir brain. Cyril's views have been dis- torted or misquoted, it would Processes be useful to see precisely what he has said: The number of brain cells, the connections between them differences in intelli- and the various metabolic pro- .. result from differ- gence in genetic cesses all play a role in deter- ences constitution (and) they are to a large and mining an individual's level of measurable extent transmitted ability. from father to son. Moreover This has long been recog- there has been . tendency for individ. nized by leading natural neurologists, who have many times uals of high intelligence to described the inferior brain rise social scale and for those of low intelligence to structures often found in men- tal defectives. drift downwards; their and children tend usually to inherit It is convenient to place the high or low intelligence of factors those constitutional their parents. The cumulative that affect intelligence into two difference effect is marked hereditary categories, namely, in the average intelligence of and non hereditary. different the social classes.' ('The Evidence for Heredity the con- is by press of Intelligence'. which physical cept By Sir characteristics Cyril Burt in from parents Wiseman's 'In- are transmitted telligence and Ability. Penguin to offspring. Modern Psychology 1967. p. The actual mechanism of 279) heredity is the function of Further: .. there are well genes, minute particles of bio- marked differences logical matter thousands of between the average intelligence of the which exist strands in long called chromosomes. socio-economic classes that of the manual classes being These chromosomes exist in decidely lower than that of the one of the millions of every non-manual and professional cells in our bodies and in the classes.' (Ibid. p. 281.)

normal human cell number 46.

To indicate the in errors Genes play the role of biolo- this concept, it is necessary to working gical blueprints, determining establish definition a the way in which cells multiply intelligence the and role and differentiate from the first both constitutional and multiplication of the process environmental factors in its ovum (fertilized female sex development. The of nature cell) the development of to the so-called intelligence tests the mature organism. has also to be considered.

It is these genes that deter- Mental mine, in a process of inter- action both with their environ- defectives ments and among themselves, most aspects of our biological structure and functioning, While there is no standard including the and structure definition of the term 'intelli- functioning of our brains.

gence, psychologists, many including the of Non - hereditary writer this constitu- article, believe tional factors that affect intel- that intelli- be used ligence include damage to the gence can to denote

JUST OUT

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BY ROBERT BLACK

New Park Publications 186A Clapham High St - - - - - Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

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brain in early life or during the mother's pregnancy. This can be caused by direct mechanical damage such as blows on the head or difficult delivery at birth. It can also caused by infection or poisoning either of the child after birth or of the mother during pregnancy. Maze learning: Subjects using this 'pencil their attempts are recorded on paper placed Apart from damage of this sort, a child's brain can fail to develop fully if the mother lacks an adequate diet during pregnancy or if the child itself is inadequately fed during its early life. Long recognized However, since Sir Cyril Burt is concerned with the hereditary aspects of intelli- gence rather than with • the constitutional non-hereditary aspects, the latter really need not concern us further. It has long been recognized that the development of intel- ligence is affected not only by constitutional factors but also experience, particularly during early childhood. Professor Hebb of McGill University goes so far as to identify two separate kinds of intelligence, namely Intelli- gence • A, which reflects the physical condition of the brain at the time of birth and Intel- ligence B, which reflects the individual's experience and learning. General mental ability or intelligence necessarily implies the ability to learn. In fact some psychologists go so far as to define intelli- gence as 'the ability to learn' (the term learning is here used in the broadest sense, imply- ing not just rote memoriza- tion such as learning a piece of poetry, but the ability to learn to solve problems, including problems of self-orientation in

IN TWO PA

RRESPONDENT

PART TWO

TOM

complex situations): A number of experitaents have shown that do in the best fact learn'. Perha eridents known of these were conducted by *Professot Harlow of Wisconsie Univer- sity and his wife, who. lised young monkeys (as walls as same young humans a thre sing this 'pencil maze' are bilnetoided on paper placed below the perspex 'maze'.

experimental subjects. ('Learn- ing to Think' by Harry F, and Scientific Margaret K. Harlow, American', August 19493% Since the brains and the learning processes ar monkeys bear many similaritica to those of humans, the findin cool:the Harlows can be sallite be very relevant to the question of how intelligence deserops in humans.. findings These conflict sharply with one of the prin- ideas of the cipal once- influential 'Gestalt' school of psychology, which claimed that the 'insight' necessary to 'innate' solve problems was rather than learned. The Harlows set young series monkeys a of tasks involving the discrimination of colour, shape and size. Peanuts For example theyr had to pick up a red object...tather than the blue object,..or a square object rather.. than a They. round one. were rewarded by finding raisins or underneath the cor- peanuts rect object. The unusual feature of this experiment was that-in con- trast to previous psychological work of this kind-the test was repeated many times, with several hundred pairs of objects, each time with a different pair of abi In other words thi hopkeys were trained many to different problems, bat all, the problems were general type.

WORKERS PRESS

O PARTS

TOMORROW

When the monkeys faced their first few tests they learned to solve problems by and laborious slow a very 'fumble-and-find' process.

• But as each monkey gained experience in solving the prob- lems, a dramatic change in behaviour would take place at some definite point. * The monkey would immedi- ately solve a problem of which it had no direct experience. In other words it had acquired, through experience, the capa- if we like call it such to behaviour'. The Harlows themselves the results of this sum up experiment: 'All our indicate studies that the ability to solve prob- lems without fumbling is not inborn but is acquired gradu- ally.' (Ibid.) Having trained their mon- keys to solve relatively simple problems • the Harlows devel- their experiments fur- oped ther. Hierarchies of skills The type of problems they set their monkeys became pro- gressively more difficult. Even- tually they were able to get them perform different to tasks when presented with abstract symbols. For example, they trained the monkeys to move all red objects, but leave all blue objects untouched when they were shown a triangle and to move all blue objects but to leave all red objects when they were shown a circle. The Harlows say: 'All these data indicate animals that human and subhuman, must learn to think. Thinking does not develop spontaneously as an expression of innate abili- ties: it is the end result of a long learning process.' (Ibid.)

Since, by any definition of intelligence, thinking is involved in intelligent behavi- our, the relevance of this work to our consideration of intelli- gence is obvious. Professor Harlow's findings confirm and supplement obser- vations made by many educa- tionists. For example, it has often been found, that people who find themselves unable to learn differential calculus cannot do so because they have not properly learned algebra. Likewise they cannot learn because algebra they have not really understood arithmetic in that they have not properly learned the con- cept of numbers. It is apparent that most, if not all, complex skills involved in orientating oneself in situa- 'intelligent' tions calling for behaviour, involve the acqui- sition of 'hierarchies' of skills, the most complex skills being dependent on the previous able the environment in which he is brought up. On the other hand a child who is born with healthy and well-developed brain will not become intelligent if he is kept in dull and very restricted environment! To ask if constitution is more important than environ- ment in the determination of intelligence is rather like ask- ing if length is more import- ant than width in the deter- mination of area. In point of fact intelligence results from the interaction of environment and constitu- tion (or heredity) and the effects of constitution and environment are multiplicative rather than additive. It is important to realize that the same environment that will develop intelligence of a person tyers of constitution r tain constitution (or heredity) may well retard the intelligence of another person possessing different a consti- tution (or heredity). As the old saying puts it: 'The same fire learning of those of a less com- plex nature. In the past the question has often been asked: "Which is more important in the devel- opment of intelligence the individual's heredity and con- stitution or his environment?!

•However, it is now being increasingly • recognized... that this question is virtually mean- ingless. If a child is born with a The child is being called by his mother fr defective brain, he will never visual cliff. His reluctance to move from develop a high level of intelli- that depth perception developed gence how favour- no matter deep side to appear threatening.

BBC 1

9.15 a.m.-12.25 p.m. Schools. 1.00 Dyna wall. 1.30 Watch with mother.

1.45-1.53 News and weather. 2.05-2.25 Schools. 4.20 Play school. 4.40 Jackanory. 4.55 Vision on. 5.20 Dastardly and Muttley in their flying machines. 5.44 Magic roundabout. 5.50 News, weather.

6.00 NATIONWIDE. London. TRANSWORLD TOP TEAM. Inverness v The Hague.

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The girls of St Trinians have burned down their school and are on trial. 9.00 THE NINE O'CLOCK NEWS and weather.

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All regions as above except: Milde: Midiands Anglia: 6.00-6.45 Nation- wide. today nea (Mid. weather. 10.10-10.40 lands only) 12.02 News, weather.

NS.00-6.45 Cumberland Month Westmorland: Nationwide North. 10.10-10.40 Tanl "NE' game 12.02 News. Wolf weather su weather Wales: 5.20-5.50 Telewele. 6.00 Wales 12.02 New a subsids today, weather. Nationwide. 6.45. ввС 2 11.00-11.20 a.m. Play school. 1.15-1.45 p.m. Medicine today.

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7.30 NEWSROOM and weather. 8.00 FLOODLIT RUGBY LEAGUE. BBC 2 Trophy, Quarter Finals.

Widnes v Leeds. 8.50

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9.20 'Kllling

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Time'. With George Cole and Annette Crosbie. 10.35 NEWS ON 2 and weather. 10.40

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4.30 Crossroads. 4.55 Junior showtime. 5.20 Magpie. 5.50 News.

6.02 TODAY.

6.30 THE GHOST AND MRS MUIR.

7.00 TUESDAY

FILM.

'Congo Crossing'. With George Nader, Vir- ginia Mayo and Peter A small African Lorre. state with no extraditional laws is a haven for criminals.

8.30

THE LOVERS.

9.00

THEATRE.

ARMCHAIR

'Wednesday's Chlld'. With Katharine Blake, Prunella Ransome and Gary Watson. A doctor takes attractive nurse into his home to help his wife through convalescence.

NEWS AT TEN.

10.30 ENOCH POWELL. Documentary.

11.30 PEOPLE TO PEOPLE. From Spain—Topical Spanish.

12.00 midnight POEMS OF

PRAISE.

'The Poetry of John Donne'.

REGIONAL ITV

CHANNEL:

11.00-3.00 3.30 358 TeWs. 4.00 Putins birthday Gus Exhibition News. -onevoun Enchanted greetings. house 6.00 News, London Police file. 6.15 Look. Weather Curtain 4.00

SOUTHERN:

11.00-3.00 London. 450 around Movie: Young raiser 4.30 London. Texan's' 8.30 Argue Big style. Love, Americ Mitzi azette. 11.30 News, weathe Jim Tuesday, November 10, 1970 that melts the butter hardens the egg. Wast, therefore should be asking is environment is more important than constitution but rather questions like: •What specific environments will interact with specific con- stitutional factors in such a way as to produce the maxi- mum level of intelligence in We will return to this im- portant point later. Mention should be made that it has been found that when young rats are given learning tasks these, result in a definite growth in brain structure. If this occurs in many rats it may well also occur in human beings. However, since no conclu- sive evidence has been pro- duced to prove this, we are not yet entitled to draw any definite conclusions. • Continued tomorrow. y his mother from the 'deep' side of the lo move from the central bridge Indicates leveloped sufficiently at this age for the other. John Wayne, Us Nancy Olson and James Arness. special agent tracks down a spy ring. 8.30 London. 11.30 News. 11.40 Farm progress. 12.10 Weather. Action 70. Women Wales. ( 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 Bonanza. 8.00 Mr and Mrs. 8.30 London. 11.30 People to people. 12 midnight Weather.

HTV (West) colour channel 61 as above except: 4.16-4.18, 6.18-6.35 Re- port West. HTV (Wales) channel 4l as colour above except: 6.01-6.18 Y dydd. HTV (Cymru/Wales) black and white service as above except: 6.01-6.18 Y dydd. 10.30-11.30 Dan sylw.

ANGLIA:

10.58-3.00 London. 4.30 News. 4.40 Enchanted house. 4.55 London. 6.00 About Anglia. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.00 "Touch and Go'. With Jack Hawkins, Margaret John- ston, June Thorburn and John Fraser. Confusion results for a family whose father emigrates to Australia. 8.30 London. 11.30 NYPD. 11.58 Reflection.

ATV MIDLANDS:

11.00-2.35 London. Women today 4.10 Peyton 4.40 Origami. 4.50 today. 6.35 Crossroads. With

6.00 ATV

'Chief | Crazy Horse'. Victor Mature and Susan Ball. Life of the Sioux chief. 8.30 London. 11.30 Better driving, weather.

ULSTER:

11.00-2.35 4.50 News. 6.35 London. 4.30 Romper room. 4.55 Lon- UTV reports. don. 6.00 Cross- roads. 7.00 Movie: / "A Matter of Who'. 8.30 London. 11.30 White lane.

YORKSHIRE: 11.00-3.00 London.

4.15 Wind in the willows. 4.30 Matinee. 4.55 London. 6.00 Calendar, weather.

6.30 Nanny and the professor. 7.00 Film: "Renegades'. With Evelyn Keyes. Williard Parker and Larry Parks. An outlaw family's youngest is son struggling to go 8.30 London. straight. 11.30 All our yesterdays. 12 midnight Weather.

GRANADA: 11.00-2.35

London. 4.10 News. Peyton 4.40 Origami. Place. 4.55 London. 6.01 Six-o-one. 6.15 Gilli- gan's island. 6.45 Film: Omar Khay- Wilde Derek and With Cornel Michael John l Raymond Massey. century Persia. in l1th 8.30 London. 11.30 Four just men. TYNE TEES: 11.00-2.35 London. 4.10 News. 4.15 Mad 4.40 En- movies. chanted house. 4.55 London. 6.00 To- day at six. 6.25 Where the jobs are. 6.30 Film: "Kim'. With Errol Flynn and Dean Stockwell. The story of a young English boy in India of 1885, 8.30 London. 11.30 News. 11.45 Epilogue.

BORDER:

1.38-3.00 London. 4.10 4.40 News. 4.12 Telephone game. Origami. 4.55 London. 6.00 News. Crossroads. 7.00 "Timetable'. Calder and Felicia Farr. A man Dos- as a physician holds up a train. ng 8.25 London. 11.30 Better driving. 11.55 News, weather.

SCOTTISH:

11.00-3.00 London. 3.40 3.50 Horoscope. 3.52 Women London. 6.00 Dateline. 6.30 University Enchanted house. 7.00 Telephone game. 7.30 challenge. Marcus Welby MD. 8.30 London. 11.30 Late call. GRAMPIAN: 10.58-2.35 London. 3.49 News. 3.52 Women today. 4.10 En- chanted house. 4.25 Patterns of folk. 6.00 News and weather. 6.10 Ron reports. "Lone Star'. With 8.30 London. 11.30 Better driving.

Tuesday, November 10, 1970

REVIEW:

HENRIK I

INGMAR BERGMAN'S

of 'Hedda production Gabler', which has just moved from the Cam- bridge Theatre to the Old Vic, is a refreshing departure from the usual English interpretation of Scandinavian play- the wright Henrik Ibsen. Well known for Seas and s as in the character, much as as Seventh and "The 'The conflicts of the and Silence', Bergman has avoided play manifest themselves in and saturating the play with that around her. doom that is sense of imminent She is the enter tale late usually found lingering in every daughter a late town, black drape and long- heavy General, from whom she has faced actor, so often a reflection inherited arrogance, authority, of that mystique the English feel perhaps, sense of destiny, and those ice-bound about strange his 'matching' pistols. lands. She, like all the characters, With the help of a very cap- a frustrated coward, unable to able designer, Mago, Bergman unable Loevborg, make love to has stripped away cumbersome to shoot him when he leaves her, ornamentations, unable to take any respon- furniture, leaving unnecessary or face any reality that sibility merely the essentials. detracts from her morbid obses- sion with 'the purposelessness of These are placed economically within a stage area painted en- life. She sees herself as the centre tirely in red. of her universe, and yet impotent contrast to this his players In in all her relationships with other dressed simply in a in she becomes utterly are wav people. which they are no longer dwarfed destructive to anything around by their surrounds, but are, her. enlarged and projected for- fact, When the reformed Loevborg ward by it. her life re-enters with his new sets in motion manuscoot she At the this red same time the process by he will reflect surround can seem To and return destroy his many things: plush and rich, yet to the bottle. and claustrophobic; raw, sticky In a he like a large open wound reveal- state which finds ing what is going on inside.

In this way able to we are concern ourselves with the of the players within actions this context. We can now clearly of Ibsen's recognize the heroes they arethe ledge that. now carries play be what sne Tesman's she child, destroys petty bourgeois: the same what- Loevborg's - some- ever the language or the country; confused and thing inspired in Loevborg by lost, utterly pes- simistic. Unable to life-giving The play is set in the fashion- she of provincial inspiration, able end con- every- Loerborg scandals, thing and servative town where will now destroy himself in seductions and grime seem to be "beautiful' the sake the life-blood. Here Ibsen unpeels the com- plex and contradictory processes to be found in the relationships pistol. that this of his characters. off has his pocket, gone George Tesman and Ejlert wounding him in Loerborg both research he bleeds to are scholars in history. Limitations Another who floats The former is a dry academic, of lies, through this whose cowardice forces him to deceit and is Judge limitations of capitulate to the calls the finds himself in Brack, the society he bourgeois representative and his brain solely as an use position better his society. instrument to as a respectable academic. slimy he The latter is a creative intel- able, and a blind lectual despair with whose fool. society forces him to retreat into Posing of the as the consolation of drink and family, Bohemianism. where he can make position Both characters are the two passes at Hedda with no risk sides of the coin, and, same although their and in- actions stincts differ greatly, they are incapable mental in indirectly both of engaging in this destruction instrumental reality. Loevborg was formerly Hedda's of the spiritual whilst denying Bergman has succeeded in over contact he was any physical together bringing this by her into confessing his drawn unfold the and debauchery with other women, changes place under- that her desire for know- ledge of the forbidden. play. Loeyborg tires of He has revealed the seediness the frigid and continual of society where people eaves- where they hustle for more and the drop, denial runs away into arms of Mrs Elvsted. advantageous positions from which to operate power, be Hedda married the Ironically people or on society other on George Tesman. safe and naive in general. His object in life is to sole further his filing All the characters deal in career obscure manuscripts and creat- illusions and concrete substitute ing pedestal i for the ideal relationships for fantasies. Hedda. John Moffat as Brack and Mrs Elvsted is the rational Brett Tesman give Jeremy as Loeyborg and trans- crutch to extremely well-observed perform- his former forms him from and the text ances, relying on self-respecting wildness into the direction to express their writer. talents and never putting these itself. Between them they create a the Maggie natone play manuscript of some importance Smith plays the title role and which, to them, symbolizes a Robert Stevens' Loevborg some- 'spiv' verged baby. Tines Hedda Gabler is the central representation.

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has achieved What Bergman is to reveal Ibsen's idealism.

Ibsen felt himself a suppressed writer who had to rebel 'against convention'. We see the failure of this form of protest expressed in the des- resurind pessimise fettes ayt resulting deaths Loevborg and Gabler. the first Press reaction to English performance in 1891 is interesting in that they found it ludicrous, horrible, tedious, 'a crawl with the foulest passions of humanity. This is a violent and self- righteous reaction to what was no doubt the mirror image to their own society. For all Ibsen's limitations and pessimism, he created very pro- found pictures of the perversion relationships within of human bourgeois society.

'PACIFIC

GLORY',

the giant oil carrier which hit the headlines last week, came from one of the many Japan- 'ese shipyards now hurrying to supply part of the world demand for such ships. One company, the Ishikawa- jima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), has estimated that with the declining oil output in places like Libya and with the Middle East fighting interfer- ing with supplies - not to mention the lengthy closure of the Suez Canal - western nations will be compelled to import bulk oil from distant sources. Japanese yards, says IHl, had grossly under-estimated demand for the ships to carry these supplies and were now desperately trying to correct this mistake. The Japan Shipbuilding Association estimates world demand for ships will increase by some 50 per cent to 30,500,000 tons by 1975 and that Japan would be required to supply at least half of this tonnage. IHI believes even this to be too conservative a figure in view of an acute shortage of shipping in the world freight market. The sharp rise in imports of crude oil, for the reasons has already mentioned, resulted in many vessels intended as bulk or ore car- riers being used as tankers.

Several smaller Japanese companies are nów planning new yards for the construc- tion of 60,000-ton 'Panama- type' bulk carriers—the largest type of ship that can pass through the Panama Canal.

WORKERS PRESS

SPENCER

DIRECTOR: INGMAR BERGMAN

ACCUS SATH

as Hedda and

JEREMY BRETT

as George

JEANNE WATTS

as Miss Tesman The Japanese-bullt 'Pacific Glory', refloated over the weekend, was towed to Lyme Bay. They anticipate big Even then, Japan- vards, Mitsubishi Heavy Inaus Hitach ships ese ships still carrying demand these Wil than half the Engineering, Tananace stee mills expand and Jess naton s ana is transported from announced plans the foreian trace and the remau. building United States achieve der will have to he carried ov

COCKS

cader 150 million chartering foreign vessels.

milon tor tankers. tons of crude steel by 1975 Two the biggest ship-

IHI

has also decided its esent dock enlarg to of 800,000 an capacity tons. accept 500,000 present it can

TONS.

THE TOWAR POoR of the Rut roval ruin is not prospect. hoe decided that can claim the richest woman world. with expansion programmes head in tho fortune 1966 are mainly to meet soaring pay that fall on millions. for 250,000-ton and Income tankers. common cuters Mitsubishi's projected dock The proposed change in the must still be approved by near Not only will this be taxed •Nagasakı couthern upper will lanan will lisa a trina tondem but the state a so cut system allowing three tankers Motive for change annua grant to the covereiar of this type to be built simul- inflation which to a hiith. the taneously. However, the threatenc balance o-nav expenses One British company is said ments Cricis toi the Nether state

VISITS

and suchikeac 407,000-toa have ordered lands annuamu At the tima ni the heavi V-guarded recent trin the dock strikes tanker from THI Rottordam of indonesian dictator Suharto this autumn Prime Minister de Amsterdam- now be While a lananace company budget to come. warned borne out of the regular pub- considering plans for a million- lic funds. ton ship.

PAGE THREE

JEREMY BRETT

nave Terman Help the Young Socialists make their a great success If you are able to sew, knit, paint and can make goods for our bazaars. If you can give us jumble, gifts, tins of grocery. Please contact Young Socialists Bazaars, 186a Clapham High Street, London, SW4.

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WORKERS PRESS

PAGE FOUR

• FROM PAGE ONE

neis via a misin immigran worker deduction, he says, is em to the whole labe wants to make an example di the hey the * to warm our heares la, student. Paces deant.

Featy or 90 years Imprisonment.

the seat ob han television docu tracks to spint the classhe Asian. he • Wolverhar FEARS are growing in Amman of a new Royalist be one dar onslaught on the Palestine guerrillas.

Crisis as Heath Under the terms of the October 3 agreement grips to get between Hussein and Arafat, the Central Com- vorking class Powell mittee of the Palestinian Liberation Organization

• FROM PAGE ONE

gain coming forward has been opening offices in Amman, where a he man cas enfusion limited number of men are allowed to carry arms THE PRIME object of the five-day state visit of Emperor Haile while on duty. Selassie of Ethiopia to Italy is to provide a political cover for the the intower dain for

BY A WORKERS PRESS

of the Ethiopian people by and unslackening exploitation expired yesterday.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

European imperialism. When Social ere Minister, Arms charge Yorkshire the read Mussolini's invasion of Ethio- Rome a pore ast Friday he submerged the who spoke pression guerrillas bail 'experts' and so on. strike vnica le stationed in Favourable FOUR men who face fbail m Cordanian A LEADING US economist toda of foll vine dermine Dr Carl Madden warned make for

TARGET

yesterday that Americans Search were unlikely to overcome 1924 as made no mention of African Un no ob. Call by US latest 5.6 per cent the Al-Tell's police are expected - hor, a though employment peak without • wink for economist Palestir Nas com a resurgence of inflation, pelled to lead the war against caroled ho have Yorkshirting

PEO

already running at record eate had the political moo- roposed ballet levels. Under the organize 300 guer tas in Ament bal Scheel in Warsaw talks New t0k. ers' Association in issued BACK FROM a visit to the Nazi murder camp Auschwitz, W German Foreign Minister • al Walter Scheel resumed talks yesterday with the men were three Belfast with accused on Polish government in Warsaw.

1, A miners are Constal Polish leader Though every mor capitan nks on steake to al osicial the USA, recognized Brandt Thomas D Donati was met which now dominates political resen member of the orA

BAN

seeks defeat of the Nazis in 1945.

NORTH-WEST

anne alliance McCormack fixed at are enter 2 til was called 'Oder-Neisse final, but the Smitted and men at the thi with Real enemy gue takes

WEATHER

as also time Polish IT WILL be course dor have

SMALL PRICE

lowing Nasser's visit to Mos

DERBYSHIRE

600 Stalinists Pleas accepted the Rogers plan ormal recognition of wha

STAFFORD-

nplished fact f which zionist here ag Pears is a small VY OOl ing relations

BY A WORKERS PRES

Selasvin® as been since September 14 contract Jobless the Brandt same time.

• FROM PAGE ONE

i German weakers multan Nixon's advisers are urgine

ALL TRADES UNIONS ALLIANCE

ment has the powista to push thready being Little

CONFERENCES

Sanded. comfort Support Pukington to strikerkers and their Importance Opposition from state some came okay marante Yet the opposition to Selassie Defeat the proposed Tory anti-union laws elections portal preparedies Ixon's rabid law-and-orde!

SUNDAY NOVEMBER 15

against the presee direc THE OUTCOME of Ge mase alestinian inderground, 7.30 magh Lesser Hall, near Merkland Stree LASGOW: Pa sac i into treate legislation 1 LONDON: Woodlands Hall, Crown Street, Acton, 7.00 p.m Yeat Czech diplomat ay's. Speakers will be from the Pilkington Rank and File Committee ort from care performa Social-Democrati in Athens i seem and majority in the state. suicide bid ares question of who

LATE NEWS

agains cost on loyment s the conforis them.

THE

quarter Glass avol Maling. more no Athens hospital in the • corresponding period last year.

• FROM PAGE ONE

GULt HI- ACK weight of the employed om the labsur move monten local fight was hijacked defence of the Prague trade unionists to pres unemployed in Trades Union the immediate investigating the after a get on.

ALL TRADES

hospital

UNIONS ALLIANCE

volveduss stewards fro shop

MEETING

e subjected ut damaging his brain engineering Trudlished pressure ny vital nerves 'No anti-union laws' cronies and Showed industrial Relations Bill.

embassy spokes "rorce the fories e TUC General his governmen to resign' ! dobses ust dinale rs Be leaving Amoris for peace settlement with I donor no less Tuesday, November 10, 1970 THE TRIAL of 16 Basque socialists before Franco's military court in Burgos has been post- poned and will now not take place until later this month. Six the accused face death sentences and. all the others long terms in jail, all in connection with the death of a police chief. The campaign to defend the Basque socialists and to force political an amnesty for prisoners brought out tens of thousands of Spanish workers and youth in the day of action the illegal Workers called by Commissions last week. No EEC It was the biggest political of the Spanish movement working class since the end of the Civil War. back door

RENEWED STRENGTH

entry And this renewed strength of the class was confirmed in

CHIEF

Common British actions the that continued Geoffrey Market negotiator throughout last week. Rippon yesterday met Maurice Schumann, the French Foreign Naval shipyard workers in Minister, for talks Paris on in Ferrol, Galicia, struck to British Common Market entry. release of Pilado, demand the president of the regional The French government has metalworkers' union, who was warned that Britain cannot organizing action arrested for enter the Market by thé back in support of the amnesty.

door-in other words, the Tories must the full impose At Pasajes; the Basque in price for entry on the working 2,000 country, workers at the class at home. Luzuriaga engineering. factory struck against the in protest The first phase of negotia- of a worker, death injured in tions is over, and the Tories accident who later died an are now concerned to speed because of inadequate first-aid entry on whatever terms they facilities. can get. Madrid, 1,200 The agreed In printing schedule at Brussels earlier this month workers struck against the sacking of nine of their com- aims at having the member- rades for having led the action ship initialled by agreement in support of the amnesty.

the end of 1971. Points

WOMEN MARCH

The main points now on the agenda between the Tories And ir Moid men. tur- and the capitalists of the Six day women, sup- of 'Democratic porters the Movement of Women', demon- The overall transition time outside Ministry strated the for the 'changeover' to bring of Justice for the release of Britain Com- in line with political prisoners. Market economies-in mon particular, France wants the artists and sculp- Fifty-six • full effects of higher food tors week occupied the last prices imposed by 1974. Goya room in Madrid's main the Prado, in art museum, The solution of problems against the arrest of protest Britain's finan- arising from Tosé art critic. Maria cial, economic and monetary Moreno Galvan, for having situation--the Tories Madrid spoken at university straighten out the economy in support of the amnesty at the expense of the work- demand. ing class before entry, the Six say. They sent telegram to Picasso, ( appointed. as director Commonwealth preference of the Prado by the Repub- Common the Market lican government, asking him countries' demands will hit to give his public support to hard the particularly at Galvan. Caribbean industry, sugar Spanish cel Cy, 500, tands, which faces the prospect of losing its privileged position a Spanish colony, port workers struck and occu- for exports to Britain. pied a church, paralysing com- Rippon's plans are in reality munications in the islands.

a blue-print for massive in- creases in the cost of living in In the capital, Tenerife, Britain so that the British em- university students and city ployers can gain entry to the transport workers joined in a European monopolists' club.

solidarity strike.

PUBLIC LECTURES

Elements of Marxism The importance of Marxist philosophy in the building of the revolutionary party.

Lectures by

M. BANDA

(Editor of Workers Press)

BARKING

ACTON

Thursday November 12 Monday November 16 Monday November 23 Monday November 30 'King's Head, High St Co-Panshave Ave: 8 hombers Acton. 8 p.m. 8 p.m. Lectures by G. Healy and M. Banda

NEWCASTLE

Hotspur Hotel Sunday, November 15 Haymarket 7.30 p.m. Sunday, November 29 Lectures by

• C. SLAUGHTER

(Central Committee of Socialist Labour League)

BIRMINGHAM

SHEFFIELD

Sunday November 15 Monday November 16 Sunday November 22 Bim Diam. 730 p.m. .30 р.п

LIVERPOOL

OXFORD

Wednesday November 25 Thursday November 12 Thursday November 19 Thursday November 26 Royal Bold it, Col pre St Northgate Hall. 8 p.m