Workers Press no. 695

workers press

ALL ROADS LEAD

TO EMPIRE POOL

INCORPOR

DAILY ORGAN Of

UNION OF

BOLD LANCS. COLLIERY MINERS ACCOMPAN

MARCHERS. BELOW: A TRADES COUNC

GLASGOW-LONDON MARCHERS THROU

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 22, 1972• No. 695 • 4p DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

THREE JOBLESS MARCHES ON THE WAY

WEMBLEY, MARCH 12, 1972

THREE Right-to-Work marches from Glasgow, Liverpool and Swan- sea are now heading towards London for a mass rally at the Empire Pool, Wembley, on March 12.

Consisting predominantly of unemployed youth, mostly members of the Young Socialists, they are a powerful tribute to the political maturity of the YS since its members were expelled by Wilson and the Labour traitors in 1964.

The amount of political preparation themselves fighting for a basic principle -the right to a decent wage.

and organization which has gone into making these The principles embodied in the Right-to- marches a success Is Work strike, and the enormous. All the problems and marches

SLICES

anouen beine rouent tor at anterent revers difficulties which are part and parcel pro e consuy the harking thas and the of unemployment had to be overcome.

working class and The acquisition of food, clothing and youth will not hght, have only one task in weaken -Ine WOrKIng CaSS shelter each day and night of the march doing this, they strengthen the capitalist are only some of the problems which the campaign organizers have had to face.

In every town and village support for the marchers has been overwhelming from the average trade unionist and, most cases, their local leaderships. Hostility

FORMIDABLE

the Tories and only from the Labour right Wis as ir snoue oe.

WEATHER

Both the Tories and their Labour hirelings are now fighting tooth and nail to hold the working class back. They fear an awakened working class much There is also the weather- -formidable Hore tua the Tories at this time of the year. On the Glasgow- The will enter London on marchers London route there have been 20-mile Saturday morning, March Il, and will rally in which the marchers have stretcnes the Empire Pool, Wembley, on Sunday, been met with sleet and freezing winds.

March They've arrived in towns—wet to the skin- -where they haven't been certain of

MONEY IS

a place to sleep. Such uncertainties have strengthened

NEEDED

the marchers. They are fighting for a basic principle of the working CaSs the right to work! Along the way they

COLLIERY MINERS ACCOMPANY THE LIVERPOOL-LONDON'

Between now and that time a great dea were joined by striking miners who were of money is required to provide for their in addition to This is money the 10,000 tickets being sold for the Empire

TOO.

The Editorial Board of Workers not only warmly congratulates the marchers in struggle for a basic principle, but appeals to reader of the paper to do something to help the marchers.

You and a stor TO buy a ticket, can friends; you donate YOUr money, large or small. By this assisting in Some will Way yOu enoy powerful the most shop stewards and local branches of trade unions have already contributed generously As a trade unionist you should see to it that your sends observers to the branch great rally. Make it known wherever pos- sible. Since eve tars is the dost important started the daily. paper in September ppeal ever Ve want help in organizing th greatest political demonstration against this Tort our readers, for a seen

BOYCERICH

Unal nas been We look to vou, BritaIn powerful and positive answer.

TOMORROW:

We will carry full detalls ol the rally and the marches In a full-page advertisement. Progress all three today on cal DE TOUnG pages 10 and 11.

workers press

THREE JOBLESS MARCHES ON THE WAY

ALL ROADS LEAD

TO EMPIRE POOL

INCORPORATING TH

DAILY ORGAN OF THE (

UNON Or

LIERY MINERS ACCOMPANY THE LI'

ELOW: A TRADES COUNCIL DELEG

NDON MARCHERS THROUGH PETER

ATING THE NEWSLETTER • TUESDAY FEBRUARY 22, 1972 • No. 695 •

F THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIALIST LABOUR LEA

THREE Right-to-Work marches from sea are now heading towards London Pool, Wembley, on March 12.

Consisting predominantly of unem of the Young Socialists, they are a p maturity of the YS since its members the Labour traitors in 1964.

The amount of political preparation and organization which has gone into making these marches a success is enormous.' problems All the and difficulties which are part and parcel of unemployment had to be overcome.

The acquisition of food, clothing and shelter each day and night of the march are only some of the problems which the campaign organizers have had to face.

FORMIDABLE

WEATHER

There is also the weather-formidable at this time of the year. On the Glasgow- have been 20-mile London there route stretches in which the marchers have been met with sleet and freezing winds.

They've arrived in towns—wet to the -where they haven't been certain of skin- a place to sleep. Such uncertainties have strengthened the They fighting for a marchers. are basic principle of the working class- the right to work! Along the way they

NY THE LIVERPOOL-LONDON!

were joined by striking miners who were

CIL DELEGATION HEADS THE

GH PETERLEE, CO. DURHAM

695 4p

UR LEAGUE

es from Glasgow, Liverpool and Swan- London for a mass rally at the Empire i unemployed youth, mostly members are a powerful tribute to the political nembers were expelled by Wilson and themselves fighting for a basic principle -the right to a decent wage.

The principles embodied in the Right-to- Work marches and the miners' strike, although being fought for at different levels, conclusively that all those opportun- prove ists who say the working class and the youth will not fight, have only one task in mind-to weaken the working class. In doing this, they strengthen the capitalist enemy. In every town and village support for the marchers has been overwhelming from the average trade unionist and, in most cases, theit local leaderships. Hostility has come only from the Tories and the Labour right wing. This is as it should be.

Both the Tories and their Labour hirelings are now fighting tooth and nail to hold the working class back. They fear an awakened working class much more than they fear the Tories. The marchers will enter London on Saturday morning, March 11, and will rally at the Empire Pool, Wembley, on Sunday, March 12.

MONEY IS

NEEDED

Between now and that time a great deal of money is required to provide for their needs. This is money needed in addition to the 10,000 tickets being sold for the Empire Pool. The Editorial Board of Workers Press not only warmly congratulates the marchers in their struggle for a basic principle, but appeals to every reader of the paper to do something to help the marchers.

You can buy a ticket, and • tickets for your friends: you can donate a sum of money, large or small. By assisting in this way you will enjoy good company. Some of the most powerful shop stewards and local branches of trade unions have already contributed generously. As a trade unionist you should see to it that your branch sends observers to the great rally. Make it known wherever pos- sible. Since we started the daily paper in September 1969, this is our most important appeal ever. We want help in organizing the greatest political demonstration against this Tory government that has yet been seen in Britain. We look to vou, our readers, for a powerful and positive answer.

TOMORROW: We will carry full detalls of the rally and the marches in a full-page advertisement. Progreas reports on three marches can be found today on pages 10 and 11.

PAGE 2 Workers Press, Tuesday February

AROUND THE WORLD

BY IAN YEATS

AS CHINESE leaders welcomed US President Nixon and his wife to Peking, six waves of American B-52 bombers launched saturation raids against alleged National Liberation Front bases in S Vietnam. The NLF has not commented on Nixon's visit, but as the wheels of the Presidential Boeing 707 touched down at Peking airport, guerrillas un- leashed rocket attacks on three large US bases near Saigon and shot down two US helicopters.

Ignoring the eight-day visit, N Vietnam quoted News 1 Agency condemning Soviet sources Nixon's eight-point peace plan for S Vietnam and urged the nation in its 'struggle for to persist final victory'.

BISHOP MUZOREWA

BISHOP Abel Muzorewa, leader of the African National Council, has called for fresh talks on a new between Britain settlement and Rhodesia it the present terms are rejected. arrival in Speaking on •his Salisbury from an intensive tour of London and New York, he said: 'Everyone I saw seemed to indicate that if there was a re- • jection there was hope that we could start new negotiations'.

Asked whether his attitude to the proposals had changed as a result of his trip, the Bishop said: to the proposals is •My answer still "No". But I do see more positive alternatives to the pro- which suggest assurances posals of security for both the minority and the majority in Rhodesia.'

The welcome for the ANC leader was the biggest African demonstration seen at Salisbury for years and at one airport stage police used canes to beat back a crowd of Africans on the airport's main concourse.

IN ANOTHER triumph for Soviet justice, a Tashkent court has ordered an official to be shot by a firing squad for profiteering, according to a 'Pravda' report. Ismail Nurmukhumedov, direc- tor of a trading organization, was found guilty of an elaborate market racket. A number black of his accomplices were sen- tenced to long prison terms.

Thousands of roubles in bribes were paid by shop managers for which goods in short supply Nurmukhumedov was able to pro- y February 22, 1872 Nixon aims to ease his budget and payments crisis by bargaining for a Chinese sell-out of the war in Indo-China. He has already turned his back Kai-shek Taiwan (Chiang on has also ignored the visit) Japan and India as first steps in the new courtship welcomed with equal enthusiasm by the Chinese leaders as a means of smashing through the crippling economic development ceiling imposed by their 'isolation'. With a lengthening record of collaboration with imperialism in Africa, Ceylon and Bangla Desh, China is said to be worried that N Vietnam will openly condemn Nixon's visit and in a bid to forestall any hostile criticism the Foreign Ministry has attacked US bombing in Vietnam. Meanwhile talks between the so called implacable enemies opened yesterday at Peking's Great Hall of the People, where a state banquet was given last night in Nixon's honour. Earlier he stepped out of his Ch

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

ITALIAN Communist Party 1 called for a coalition with the wing' Catholics as the only w ernment crisis. The 71-year-old leaders' remarks in an interview with the Stalinist newspaper 'L'Unita' were regarded as the unofficial start of the Com- munist Party campaign in what are almost certain to be pre- mature general elections this spring. He said the 80-year-old centre- Socialist left alliance of the Party and the Christian Demo- crats was dead for all time and reiterated the CP's long-standing call for 'an opening to the left'.

The Italian Communist Party has long sought Popular a Front-type government in alliance with the social-demo- crats and the left wing of the capitalist parties. The policy is Party's thoroughly reformist, based on "structural the conception reforms' of Italian capitalism. In pursuit of this treacherous goal, the Stalinist leaders have con- tinually restrained and dis- couraged the militancy of the workers and encouraged a series of protest actions rather than a struggle for power. Faced with . the gravest crisis to hit Italy since the defeat of fascism, Longo is now offering his services to the employing head his proposed class to Popular-Front coalition. cure. They were then sold at black market prices to custom- ers, leaving a handsome personal profit for the managers. total profits from the racket were estimated at £167,000. Such rackets are made possible consumer scarcity by the goods and by the emphasis on of personal gain, pursuit which Stalinism has always encouraged. Now the bureaucracy has to with great ferocity clamp down on those in its own ranks who exceed the limits to deflect the anger of the masses. aircraft 'Spirit of 76' and was greeted by Premier Chou En-lai and about 20 Chinese govern- ment officials backed by a 200- strong guard of honour and a brass band. Apart from the 100 newsmen, • there were no crowds at the air- port or along the 18-mile route where the Peking city's to million people were con- spicuously absent from the streets as the 20-car motorcade passed by. Soviet state newspaper 'Pravda' made no comment on the visit— the first by an American head of since 1949but Moscow state Radio accused Peking of 'splitting the world communist movement'.

Despite Soviet fears of America and China ganging up on her, Nixon's visit marks a decisive phase in the move to collaboration between imperialism and Stalinism already well in E Europe hand in Russia and earnest in and now begun in China and SE Asia. Party leader Luigi Longo has ith the Socialist Party and left- only way to solve Italy's gov.

SOVIET officials are holding talks in Tokyo to negotiate long-term Japanese commercial bank loans for development of the Tyumen oil field in E Siberia. 45 - member delegation A headed by First Deputy Foreign Trade Minister Ivan Semichast- A PLEA for four Palestinians accused of killing Jordanian premier Wasfi Tell turned into a courtroom attack on King Hussein of Jordan in Cairo yesterday. The former chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Ahmed Shukairy, told the State 'An end to the Security Court: present Jordanian regime means an end to all Arab disasters.'

He said anyone who practised genocide against the Palestinians treated must a war criminal, 'even if he is a king' The Hashemite dynasty to which Hussein belongs was the main reason behind Arab defeats in their wars with Israel, Shukairy said. A Libyan and a Kuwaiti lawyer joined Shukairy in con- demning the Jordanian regime The defendants have pleaded Tupamaros found

THREE

TUPAMAROS have were been ailed after they found on a farm in NW Uruguay with a cache of arms, ammuni- tion and explosives. THE GREATEST danger following the miners' victory would be a growth of complacency in the working class. The Tories sufiered a set-back, but they are not yet defeated. They are not defeated because, at the point at which the government could have been smashed, the miners' executive decided not to push it over the edge.

This allows the Tories- even though they have been forced to concede to the miners—time to recuperate.

They will seek to use this time to prepare harsh measures against efiective picketing, vigorous implementa- tion of the Industrial Relations Act and sterner measures to halt other wage claims, while inflation eats away at workers' incomes. In this situation, the line being pushed in the 'Morning Star' that the Tories are as good as beaten is dangerously misleading. McGahey, Scottish NUM President and a leading Com- Party member, says: We have destroyed the munist credibility of the government's economic policy... a united trade union movement can defeat any government.'

Jock Kane, another Communist Party member and a member of the NUM National Executive from Yorkshire, is quoted in the 'Morning Star' as saying: 'When the working class is united, it can impose its will even on governments. This government is now rocking.

Its policy in regard to the trade unions, and particularly on wages, is in ruins.' The task facing the working class is not to 'impose its, will on' the Tories, but to bring them down.

The lesson of the 1972 miners' strike is that the deter- mination and enormous solidarity of the working class could have brought the Tories down, but was prevented from doing so. By itself, that was not enough. The Tories are still in office today because they were saved by the trade union leaders. As long as reformist leaders hold back the working class, so long will the ruling class be able to recover from even the most severe set-backs and resume the ofiensive.

Historically, this is what happened in Germany in 1919, in Italy in 1922 and in Britain in 1925-1926. In each case the working class, when it could have taken power, was held back by its leaders and paid the price in years of suffering-in the first two cases it paid the price of fascism.

The victory of the miners does not lessen but intensifies the need for revolutionary leadership. The Right-to-Work marches and the decision of the Socialist Labour League to form a revolutionary party in 1972 are even more important now than when they were first conceived.

port of Nakhodka on the Sea of arrived the Japanese nov in capital on Saturday. Japan. Japanese imperialism has long delegation holding The is the cast an envious eye over with the powerful talks Japan mineral riches of Siberia and the Federation of Economic Organiz- Soviet clearly hopes (Keidanren) headed by ations that schemes like the Tyumen Kogoro Vemura. development will satisfy the The plan for joint development Japanese - capitalists' increasing of Siberian oil includes building thirst for outlets on the Asian a pipeline from Tyumen to the mainland. guilty, but say their role in the release Wasfi Tell defendants assassination of was is currently considering his request.

When the that of executioners. hearing began they stood in the The four men are members of dock shouting 'Long live Pales- *Black September' organiza- tine' the to revenge Libyan ruler Muammer Gaddafi has offered his tinian guerrilla fighters in Jordan.

personal surety

E GERMAN BOSS SELLS SHARES

AN E GERMAN

This is a tame bourgeois party capitalist and Liberal Democratic which forms part of the ruling mem- ber of the People's Chamber National Front dominated by the Socialist is to sell his share in a joint- Unity (Communist) Party. It private owned weaving factory to the represents this businessmen who work in state. Announcing step, co- operation with state enterprise Dr Gottfried Engelmann or continue to carry on small emphasized that 'private own- independent firms. ership of the means of produc- tion in the present phase of Party Dr Manfred secretary development socialist Gerlach, of the regime, a stooge fact welcomed the that becoming society was an capitalists had decided to sell anachronism and an inhibiting their part in joint-enterprises to factor'. the He admitted that 'not state. Engelmann's decision all members have as yet grasped Dr to stop being a capitalist- though it that the working Class is the social force' and spoke clear what he will do decisive not of the need to carry on the with the proceeds of the sale 'con- during sistent struggle against bourgeois —came the Congress of Democratic ideology' and for the overcoming the Liberal Party of backward views and modes of which opened in Weimar last behaviour'. Wednesday.

THREE OF THE CRUMLIN ROAD ESCAPERS (L. to R.), HUGH MCCANN, MARTIN MEEHON AND 'DUTCH' DOHERTY

BY OUR OWN REPORTER

THE TORIES at Westminster and Stormont have welcomed the decision by the Dublin government to stage re-trials of IRA men who have been freed by district court judges.

The Lynch government is invoking a scarcely-used 1936 Act to bring the acquitted men before a judge and jury.

Attorney-General Mr Desmond O'Malley has also indicated that the government would not rule out 'Special Courts' of three judges if the new measures were not sufficient.

The legal crackdown on the IRA was an- at the weekend at the annual con- nounced ference of Fianna Fail, Lynch's ruling party.

of The clearly showed the drift conference the republic attack the IRA in Lynch's policy: Stormont and Westminster.

talks with and start the conference Irish Times' said yesterday The towards 'remarkable' for its moderation was Britain. said: 'Mr Lynch's speech, when The newspaper

THREE OF TH

viewed in light of the virtual collapse of Anglo relations since January 30 and Derry, was Irish remarkable its absence of tor attacks on Britain or the Union- ists, for its appeal for an end to Comparlson of output per worker and and emotional reaction, the showing .moderation on United immediate issue of a Agriculture, Forestry and Ireland. Output But it was O'Malley's speech Yoar per worker which gave the most glaring of treacher- indications Lynch's 85.6 ous plans towards the IRA.

1958 from his 1963 100.0 To rousing Cheers O'Malley said: • 1967 129.7 Tory backers, 'We must deal effectively with 1968 the

IRA.

will be There no % Increase from ambivalence and no hypocrisy.'

1958 to 1967 51.5 Yesterday the Attorney- % increase from General's issued Department 1958 to 1968 number of summonses against In par- known IRA supporters. the is ticular, government 13 thought to be after Pro- visionals who were released from Dundalk court last week through lack of evidence. The men include Martin Meehan and Fony 'Dutch' Doherty, both escapees from Crumlin Rd jail.

1936 The Act under which Lynch • re-arrest the proposes to first introduced when men was • dé Valera was faced with both the IRA and threats from the fascist-style Blueshirts.

yesterday, -In* 'Belfast Ulster premier Brian Faulkner said the the

RECENT

research by measures were 'certainly a step in the right direction'. Science Policy Unit of Sussex has proved what university most workers suspected, that increased speed-up has the danger of serious accidents at work. The research analysed changes in various in output per man sectors of British industry to see how they related to changes in risk levels to the workers. By doing this they came up with a sophisticated rather indi- of than the straight- risk A LABOUR MP is proposing to forward figure for the number of introduce legislation outlawing accidents per industry. Indian swordsticks as 'desperately dame Greend Cons weapons From the output and accident Greville figures for any given industry the Janner, Leicester MP, said his Bill would were able to derive Sussex team 'the output per acci- make it offence import, a figure for manufacture or sell swordsticks This figure rises when the dent'. in. Britain. tempo of work becomes safer and Janner recently won a ballot falls when it becomes less safe. enabling him to bring forward Table their find- 1 summarizes a private member's Bill. for three major groups of ings His constituents may well ask industries. _ why Janner is this findings on the manufac- not using The valuable parliamentary privilege turing industries are particularly the to introduce Bill which may Over important. ten-year be of some value to the working period 1958 to 1967, output per manufacturing class. worker MacFarguhar, the 20 • Roderick industries rose per cent former 'China-watcher' the whereas 'output per accicent' fell for 'New Statesman' Hong Kong, by 21 Even in those 1n Der COnd improved' has been selected as Labour par- industries boasting an liamentary candidate for Belper, safety record, the increase in Derbyshire. safety is far slower than the He has contested two increase in productivity.

The figures so far released are previously-Ealing S in the 1966 General and Meriden, grossed figures wide Election covering Warwickshire, in a by-election in of industries. The compa- ranges 1968. rative figures for increased out- Belper was previously held by and safety for many indi- put George Brown, now Lord George- have been vidual industries worked but have Brown. out, not yet THE WOODSIDE, Glasgow, branch of the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers has passed a resolution con- demning the union's executive national for abandoning the pay claim. The resolution, which is being forwarded to the district com- mittee and the executive council in London, states: "The abandon- ment of the national pay claim EE OF THE CRUMLIN ROAD ESCAPERS (L. to rker and per accident for Agriculture, Forestr and Pharmaceutical Industries restry and Fishing Manufacturing Output Output Output per accident per accident per worker 94.2 92.3 100.0 100.0% 170.7 116.1 89.6 23.2 19.9 -21.0 been published. It is believed that highlight the increased they rapaciousness of certain: indus- tries. Trade unionists will be well advised to bear such findings well in mind when approached by management for productivity deals. the fashionable 'value-free' In language of bourgeois sociology, Dr C. Sinclair, leader of the study, comments: Increases social good as indicated solely by considerations of GNP have not been matched by correspond- ingly good improvements in occu- pational risk levels. In plain language the behavi- our pattern industrialists, fighting to maintain the rate of proft in the period of capitalist crisis, is to throw many workers on the dole and exploit those in ruthlessly, work even more extracting in the process not only surplus value, but more more blood.

WAGE RATES

IN DECLINE

FIGURES

released by the Department of Employment reveal that, up to the end of Jan- uary, the percentage increase of basic weekly wage rates over a declining. year ago was The figures are: August 1971 12.9 September 1971 12.7 October 1971 12.3 10.2 November 1971 10.2 December 1971 January 1972 9.4 Workers Pross, Tuasday by the national committee due to the lack of leadership of the EC represents a cowardly capitu- lation to the government and its anti-union laws. "The flinging in of the towel on the national claim in favour of plant bargaining condemns the weakest and poorest organ- ized section of the union to miserable wages. "The union has thus been frag- mented into small groups who are left to fight the employers, government and the anti-union laws in isolation at a time when the maximum national unity of workers is required to defeat the AS (L. to R.), HUGH MCCANN, MARTIN MEE Pharmaceuticals Output Output per worker per accident 73.4 100.6 100.0 100.0 169.6 120.3 131.1 19.6 A RECESSION in the printing industry was yesterday blamed by the Monotype Corporation for proposed redundancies involving 160 employees — nearly 10 per cent of its work force at two factories. Talks have started with the unions on details of the cut-back at the Salford's, near Redhill, , and the Dunfermline, Surrey, Scotland, factories. The company, which makes typecasting and film-setting machines, announced last month reduction of £172,170 to a £665,025 in profits for the year ended September 1971. After tax, the year's profit came out at £343,972, against £412,083.

Make the Tory government resign! Return a Labour government pledged to restore full employ- and repeal all ment laws arainst the unions! DAGENHAM: Wednesday February 23, 8 p.m. Room 11, must Force a General lecion

WILLESDEN:

Monday February 28, 8 p.m. Trades and Labour Hall, High Road, NW I0. 'Labour must force a General Election.' W LONDON: Tuesday Febru- ary 29, 8 p.m. Prince Albert, Wharfedale Rd; off York Way, Kings Cross. 'Crisis of capital- ism'. •, Tuesday Fobruary 22, 1972 PAQE 3 government and its wages norm.

Furthermore the decision is stab in the back to the strike of the miners who are left to fight the government on their own.

'We consider that those who participated in such a treacher- ous and cowardly act are not fit to lead. As a matter of urgency we call for the immediate resig- nation of the EC and the re- election of a new national com- mittee which will unite our mem- bership in a strike alongside the miners for a national claim, the defeat of the Tory government," its wages union laws, norm and the anti-

RTIN MEEHON AND 'DUTCH' DOHERTY

FRANCIS BENNION, director of Freedom under the Law, is plan- about prosecute leaders the National Union Mineworkers for criminal conspiracy. Bennion, a barrister, is closely with the right-wing associated Monday Club. He sprang to national prominence last year when he launched a series of civil prosecutions against Peter Hain, leader of the Stop-the-Tour campaign. During the Hain case it was revealed that money for the pro- secution was raised in S Africa.

Bennion intends to apply for summonses under Section 7 of the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act of 1875 at Bow St Court on Friday. He told a press conference: "This section makes it illegal to violence or intimidation or use to "watch or beset any factory • In other or other work place" words, picketing.' SW LONDON: Tuesday February 29, 8 p.m. Small Hall, Clapham Manor Baths, Clapham Manor St, SW4. 'Labour must force a General Election'. ACTON: Wednesday March 1, Arms, 8 p.m. Mechanics Churchfield Rd, W3. 'Labour must force a General Election'.

LUT Recreationa Mitre old p.m. Recreation Centre, Bedford Rd. 'Marxism and the trade unions'. SE LONDON: Thursday March General Strike'. N LONDON: Thursday March , 8 p.m. Town Hall, Edmon on. 'Building the revolutionar party.

PAGE 6 Workers Press, Tueaday February

BY BERNARD FRANKS

CONTINUED

Pensioners are entitled to money for clothing, bedding, etc. in the same way as the unemployed. They are also entitled to a lump sum to cover emergencies, a new bed, a table, or a chair and extra heating in winter. - The addition can be from a few pence to £3 or more. The average addition in 1970 was 32p.

addition' The 'long-term 50p included in the supplement- ary pension payment is reckoned exceptional expenses to cover such as extra heating, a special diet or laundry costs; a ridiculous quarterly view, gas or as winter can electricity bill in easily exceed £l a week. In theory, extra money can be from Supplementary got Benefits Commission in cases of urgent need, but the wide powers left to the officials of decision means they can always claim that the long-term addition covers any eventuality. The document which covers the operation of the Social Security system--the 'A' Code- states that 'since the scale rates are intended to cover all normal fuel requirements, it follows that there must be something unusual about a case for extra provision to be required for heating'.

as 'unusual cases' Listed pos- sibly needing extra payment are: 1. A householder or his wife, housebound or unable to go out frequently because of advanced age or chronic poor health. A householder without non- dependants over 21 living with him where (a) the accom- is damp or other- modation wise difficult to get adequately or (b) there is no warm, option but to use an expen- sive type of heating. 3. A non-householder or boarder who is in poor health. for extra need 4. Temporary heating because of illness.

The Code adds: 'When there is a long spell of that most weather severe so people have to spend much more than normal: on heating, special be needed more help may generally? And clause 2835 of the Code states: 'In this situation officers are to make Exceptional expected Needs payments where necessary either for extra fuel supplies or be for other debts which can attributed to essential expendi- ture on extra fuel—the rent may have got into arrears or money set aside for clothing may have used instead for extra be to heating.' Facing winter heating bills can for terrifying prospect be a pensioners. Unlike young people, who may be away from the house at work for a major part of the day, and who can be without the heating during the night, elderly need warmth 24 hours a day. One expert considers the ideal room temperature should be 70- 75 degrees fahrenheit during the day and around 65 degrees at night. Men and women over 65 are automatically exempt from pre- scription charges. They have to sign a declaration on the back of the prescription form before handing it to the chemist.

The fact that women are exempt from prescription charges at 65 and not at the retirement age of 60 is a direct discrimina- tion against them. Tory Minister recently dis- Sir Keith Joseph missed pensioners' demands on this issue, saying that it would to create an be undesireable anomaly by setting a different exemption age for women'.

Similarly, when supplementary were raised, Joseph's pensions reply to demands that a married y February 22, 1972 couple's increase should be double that of a single person was: a married couple should be regarded as a team' It would be unfair to wives who have paid full contributions to find that a woman who has getting the same rate not, he said. All pensioners are not exempt from dental or optical charges.

If they are on supplementary or allowance they are pension automatically entitled to an additional benefit payment to meet charges for dentures, dental or glasses by treatment com- pleting a form from the dentist sending it to or optician and the local Social Security office.

Pensioners not on supplementary benefit may still get help with payments on the basis of low income. Help. towards the cost of glasses is usually restricted to in the cheapest frames the National Health Service range (76p) and no aid is given for safety lens charges. According to clause 3016 of the 'A' Code, payment for in- stallation and rental for telephone is payable by Social Security where a person may be 'dangerously isolated' without one-that is if the claimant lives alone, is housebound and 'relies entirely on the telephone as the means of contact in an emerg- ency': The Code does not include as sufficient reason. age alone It adds 'the risk in such an emergency must be clear cut and thus readily distinguishable from the of it age; the breakdown which upon people TOr pensions whose one less pension book, laken Wa11 betore made to (that Issucal Even retirement menlar y level living aoccuale ite behe, other income nall, CadLe pensioner are: Tumdedi for guvene Women thar wakes working aves through could allst appllance placed sunmemenlary For some- rises by and who „actin will ann crease rent book the cost-of- totally for the cover with no

OLACA

DuLLC •1S- the basic supple- because continual dis- terms lower of their during find situation is continued into retire- ment. The reason is that gradu- pensions are based on ated previous levels of earnings, SO are consequently lower than for men. Some pensioners may get supplementary payment towards special diet for specific a medical condition or illness such diabetes or stomach ulcer. as But there is no special payment for proper nutritive foods-fresh fruit and vegetables, good quality meat and other high protein food —needed by all pensioners.

experts agree that Medical these foods are very necessary for the elderly, particularly in today's winter. However, at rocketing prices they are totally beyond the income of most retired men and women. The deduction from supple- mentary pension by the Social Security office of the amount over fl given by any organiza- tion to a pensioner-if they find out about it—is an exceptionally mean and despicable act. Pre- sents of cash are made precisely to give the pensioner a bit more than usual to buy a few extras beyond the barest necessities required. The bureaucrats' penny-pinch- ing deductions effectively penalize of the the worst-off sections community and ensure that not even a temporary respite from poverty occurs. While the social services can certainly do without secret snoopers prying into the personal affairs of single women and others on supplementary benefits, the periodic visits to the elderly and pensioners in benefit by Ministry officials are an import- ant service until recently largely neglected. According to the Director of Islington's Social Services, how- ever, the government is planning to cut these visits and 'concen- trate instead on new applicants, which, he said, would a policy "could that the elderly mean literally find themselves left in the cold'. Many pensioners canriot bring themselves to apply for available The means test: prytag, awards. form filling and genetat con- descension of the system stinks of the Poor Law, charity and the workhouse for too many who remember the 1930s. They would sooner go without; a situation which fits in very well with the Tories plans to save millions of pounas on social services over the period 1970- 1975. Thousands of workers 'have* tried to prepare for their later years. The 'Age Concern' report shows that supplementary pen- sioners are certainly not people who have made no provision for as almost a fifth retirement, live in their own house and three out of five have some savings. But the continuous rise in the cost of living makes the few hundred pounds saved virtually: worthless compared with its value.

when it was originally earned.

The pensioner of 65 and over, born in or before 1907, has lived and fought through two World Wars and the depression years of the 1920s and 1930s. Capital- ism, however, gives them no thanks for that. On the contrary, in an attempt to solve the economic crisis of the system, measures have been taken which specifically depress the condition of the pensioner still further. Decimalization, entry into the Common Market and introduc- tion of a value-added tax (VAT) together in are brought an attempt to improve the stability and profitability of big business.

each of these moves But an increase in directly brings The working class, prices. par- subsistence ticularly those at level, are therefore the worst hit more, once the Tories new Further, is National Insurance system nothing more than a move to- wards hiving off pensions 'private enterprise' as a lucrative fund-raising concern for finance and industry. Industrial action to put out the Tories is right, but the betrayal of the Labour MPs who voted for • the Tory Common Market plans must not be for- gotten for an instant. A socialist government elected to replace the Tories must be entirely committed to revoking the Industrial Relations Act, and the Immigration and Common Market legislation. The Labour traitors must be from the political cleared out and trade union movement.

Everyone reaching pension age must be guaranteed a standard retirement pension tied to the living, which totally cost. of obviates the need for Poor Law extras. Also, the best of health service, chiropody, dental, ocular treatment and and hearing aid appliances must be provided free of charge. Every working man and woman who has contributed a lifetime of labour to society must right- fully be entitled to the best that society can provide and not be aside; required callously cast merely to subsist until dead.

Young and old, trade unionists and pensioners must combine to defeat any attempt to worsen conditions and to win for the the sick and the pensioners, unemployed the support and care which is rightfully theirs.

For those at work, the present government's attempts to hold down wages are only a prelude to using a mass impoverished pool of unemployed to enforce active wage-cutting in the future.

The Tories' plan ruthlessly to exploit and tyrranize the working shattered be class must now. The Socialist Labour League calls on every worker to support the Right-to-Work marches to Lon- Young don organized by the Socialists which culminate in a mass rally at the Empire Pool, Wembley, on March 12. We must say now that we to let the Tories use refuse unemployment to smash the recreate the unions, cut wages, conditions of the 1930s or take any other action which paves the way for the corporate state and fascism.

REVOLUTIONARY

On November 6 last year & national conference of the All Trades Unions Alliance decided to adopt a drait manitesto, to transform the Socialist Labour League into a revolutionary party. Since the conference a country- wide discussion has been initiated in League branches, in the ATUA, in the Young Socialists and among Workers Press supporters.

Until the Right-to-Work rally at Empire Pool, Wembley on March 12, we intend to carry a full page each day devoted to your comments on the Draft Manifesto. We have received more than 100 con- this vital tributions to discussion. Now we want at least another 100. Workers and their families, youth, students and the un- employed are all invited to join in this discussion. If you haven't got a copy of the Manifesto write to Draft 1 Workers Press or contact your local ATUA branch.

M. BAKHSHANDEH

Student, Warwick University, Coventry "So far as it is interpretive, it seems that there is a serious "intellectual' confusion, which flows from the fact that many of the key assumptions, concepts figure in and definitions which the so-called 'socialist' move- • ments are arbitrarily implicit and most of all not clearly under- - stood. 'im- "capitalism', The words perialism', "fascism', "socialism', "social imperialism', etc, appear in and again the over : over relatively literature. Yet it is rarely that the exact concepts are understood. Also. the terms are or misdefined often misused SO as to suit a particular purpose.

It is particularly true in the case who characterize the of those Soviet Union as a 'social im- perialist' For the power. simplicity of the analysis we • shall concentrate primarily on the question of social imperialism.

Accepting imperialism as 'the highest stage of capitalism', it follows that system to develop itself to the stage of im- perialism, requires a highly advanced capitalist mode of pro- its duction with deepest, built upon economic foundation the monopoly form of capitalism.

In the Soviet Union where the ' means of production have been socialized and the private owner- ship of such means have been abolished—it follows that the capitalist class is being abolished.

What has happened in the Soviet Union since the Revolu- tion has not been the develop- a capitalist class-but ment of growth of a bureaucratic the system appearing in the form of .a social stratum acting as a parasite an the working dass.

Thus the establishment and growth of the Soviet bureaucracy has led to the present deformed socialist production relation- ships-organized and built on the Party machinery-(the privileged social stratum.) On the other hand the growth of bureaucracy has forced deformed socialist state of the Soviet Union to collaborate with the imperialist powers—not due to any ideological wavering or tactical opportunism, but due to the inherent contradictions of the ideological content of Stalinist revisionism. The historical transformation • of the Stalinist policies starting 'socialism in one country' from paved the way for the Soviet itself to bureaucracy to develop the highest point of revisionism: reflecting itself in the crude "peaceful co- policies existence sach as and "peaceful road to socialism'. The doctrines of Marxism- Leninism, being the firm foundation of revolutionary theory, are now being revised, yet the Soviet bureaucracy, along with China and the E European claim the acceptance countries, ... 8. 'everything' in Marxist- Leninism. What they really mean is that they accept 'everything' in Marxism-Leninism except revolutionary living spirit and its revolutionary methods of class struggle. Loyalty to Marxist-Leninism in words, but subordination to the imperialist powers in deeds!

In Britain, however, the recent capitalist crisis has brought unity between the re- greater formist groups and the bourgeois class. The threat of the capitalist downfall has meant a greater threat to the bureaucratic and bourgeoisified section of the working class. The reformist and Stalinist bureaucrats, following the bank- rupt Stalinist policies, are now preaching to the capitalists and their agents (e.g. Tory and Lab- our governments) about improv- ing the lot of the workers!! They have abandoned the principles of class struggle in substitution for compromise and class-collabora- tion. These disguised servants of the capitalist class, having accepted introducing the .... Workara Prosa, Tuar into chauvinism the working class. They now want to put the 'Great' back into Britain 'Keep Britain out of the Common Market'. They do not raise the Marxist-Leninist slogan day, i.e. United Socialist a Europe, but instead they call for 'Britain keep out'. A clear, to deliberate act of conspiracy to hide the imperialist, reactionary nature of the existing system.

practice we observe that the task carried out by the re- formists does not push the working class forward-but pulls it back. Thus reformism, in practice, has expressed the basic bank- ruptcy of its ideological myth.

It is evident that capitalism is rapidly decaying and is no longer capable of expanding her pro- ductive forces. It has split into irreconcilable antagonisms which it is powerless to dispel, unless through severe depression war or other destructive means. It is also evident that the economic crisis itself will not cause the final and eventual downfall of capitalism. While the working is class disorganized, ..' lacks leadership. Prosa, Turoday Rebruary 22, 1872 PAGE & What has happened In the Sovlet Union has been the growth of a bureaucratic system acting as a parasite on working class. Above Stalin, Molotov and Kirov (right) in 1934. heavy receives and constant blows from within; then the is downfall of capitalism no more than the figment of the 'left' movement's imagination. The capitalist downfall is not natural nor spontaneous! Capitalism will fall only through a consciously and deliberately organized revolution- ary party of the working class— party which the remains advance guard of the working class and is capable of making every economic struggle necessarily a political 'struggle so as to lead and not crawl behind the masses. This is precisely the class of a Marxist-Leninist essence revolutionary party and the indispensable condition for the downfall of capitalism. I believe that the foundations such principles is postulated of hip. in the Manifesto.,

PAGE 6 Workers Prose, Tuaaday Fabruar

BY TOM KEMP

The hostility of American imperialism to the Chinese Revolution has been a major factor in world politics since its triumph in 1949. Yet President Nixon began his unprecedented visit to Peking as the honoured guest of Mao Tse-tung yesterday. Ever since Nixon's laconic announcement of the visit in a TV broadcast on July 15 last year, it has been widely assumed it will mark a major his- that torical turning point not only for diplomatic relations between the two countries, but for the whole world. Whether this is so will depend upon the outcome of the meeting which Nixon declared 'was to seek the normalization of relations between the two countries and also to exchange views on questions of concern to the two sides'. ay Fabruary 22, 1872 * The defeat of Chiang Kai-shek was a blow to US ambitions to dominate the Asiatic mainland and the whole Pacific area fol- lowing the defeat and eclipse of Japan. It was equally unwelcome to the Soviet bureaucracy which saw in the nationalist regime a factor of stability in the Far East and had opposed a bid for power by the Chinese Communist Party.

The period after the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek saw American to support for policy shifting puppet regimes in Asia. The aim was to contain the revolutionary and a upsurge prepare counter-revolutionary roll back.

The Korean war, in which the regime was S Korean puppet almost destroyed, showed the dangers inherent in this policy and revealed the new strength of China as a military power. The resistance to the French in N I subsequently their Vietnam and defeat at Dien Bien Phu and withdrawal forced the Americans to move into SE Asia. Although unable defeat to China during the Korean war or even to destroy N Korea, the US did not renounce the to the Chinese returning mainland. Military and economic aid on a massive scale was extended to Chiang Kai-shek, whose declared aim this was.

China was ringed by American bombers stood bases at which the ready 24 hours a day at poised for atomic attack. The aim was to turn the Pacific into an American lake and to prevent the extension of the revolution anywhere in Asia. the The consolidation| of Chinese Revolution after 1949 destroy N and the failure to Korea obliged the US to build up the Japanese economy, which was later to become a formidable trade rival. A virtual embargo trade with main- was put on land China, which was treated as a hostile power. bureaucracy in The Maoist the years after 1949 was forced to depend upon the Soviet Union for technical, economic and mili- tary assistance in . view of the backwardness of the economy, its isolation from the world market and the danger of US aggression.

US policy at this time assumed that China was virtually a satel- lite of the Soviet Union or, at least, that the two powers would work closely and harmoniously together. seeming identity of The interest between the Soviet and Chinese bureaucracy was illusory.

Stalin had not wanted the vic- tory of the Chinese Revolution, while Mao Tse-tung could not accept subordination to Russia, especially under Stalin's succes- sors. The different origins and interests of the two bureaucracies led to friction and eventually to split. While speaking of revolution, Chinese the bureaucracy remained committed to 'peaceful co-existence'. In 1954 it had the Geneva sponsored agree- ment which brought to an end the struggle of French imperial- ism to hold on to Indo-China.

In Indonesia it supported the Communist Party in its policy of coalition with the national bour- geoisie which finally led to dis- The reopening of the aster. Vietnam war was more of an embarrassment than an oppor- tunity to spread revolution.

Soviet The split with the Union brought new problems and the Chinese dangers bureaucracy which aggravated divisions within its ranks and led to Mao's launching of the "cultural revolution'. The cutting off of Soviet aid was a blow to the economy. The Peoples' Liber- had depended upon ation Army Soviet supplies of much sophisti- cated and heavy equipment. Finally, growing tension on the with the Soviet Union border led to bloody clashes. The Soviet Union now has army of an 400,000 equipped with nuclear stationed along the weapons frontier with China. During the 'cultural revolution' China was driven into a position isolation, while, of dangerous after the Tonkin Bay 'incident', American troops began to pour into S Vietnam. For a time diplo- the capitalist matic links with world as well as with E Europe were cut to a minimum. Even Chou En-lai was unable to pre- vent the cutting off of valuable which had contacts, even included periodical meetings with US representatives in Warsaw.

From 1967 efforts began to be made to mend the bridges which had been broken down during 'cultural revolution'. the The Chinese showed themselves particularly responsive to any initiative from the West. They greatly appreciated the policy of President de Gaulle of France in opposing US domination. The biggest Maoists sent one of the funeral wreaths to his and journalists who have interviewed Chou En-lai remark upon the ad- miration which he shows for the wily General. The Chinese attitude towards de Gaulle is a reflection of their basic diplomatic aims which even during the 'cultural revolu- tion' only overlaid by were rhetoric. What these aims are can be inferred from Chinese the concrete political position on questions, from their actions rather than from their propa- ganda. The main aim of the Chinese bureaucracy, addicted as it is to the theory of 'socialism in country, is to ensure the one territorial integrity of China. In • is still in • the hands of 1956: Vice president Nixon with Chlang K Kai-shek, supported by the Americans, and has a small US garrison. It is this aim, not the extension of revolution, which is basic to the policy of bureaucracy. American • actions after 1949 convinced the Chinese of US imperialism's hostile intent. For this reason the whole propaganda machine was geared to this threat and to preparation for a war with the US.

CO-EXISTENCE

aims of the Chinese nationalist which was bureaucracy never an analysis able to make of desire modern imperialism. Its 'peaceful co-existence' for was always expressed, except at the height of the 'cultural revolution'.

What it wants is action by the other side to prove that it is sérious in wanting an agreement.

In other words, if it can get some guarantees against encircle- orent, irma zaponed on the exist to co-exist with imperialism in the same way as its Soviet counterpart. As a newcomer, nearer to its revolu- tionary past, which had just overthrown a regime upon which the US had countered as part of its world strategy, the Chinese bureaucracy failed to have its "peaceful pretension of со- existence' treated seriously.

Indeed, the Americans saw the Chinese People's Republic as an aggressive military power, threat- to US interests, which ening would one day have to be crushed and should meanwhile be treated as a pariah. This was the official attitude of US policy makers recently, when until quite the Nixon administration, advised by pragmatists like conservative Kissinger, had to reshape policy in the new situation created by the crushing blows in Vietnam.

There are a number of reasons why American imperialism should be prepared to do a deal with the Chinesé bureaucracy. Above all, there is the failure in Vietnam, which has shown the bankruptcy of opposition to revolution Asia by military engagement of massive American land forces.

Of similar significance is the hopelessness of the Chiang Kai- shek policy of using Formosa and off-shore islands for the an invasion of the Chinese mainland, a policy which has cost the US thousands of millions of dollars.

discredited, Ageing and the generalisimo has no successor and there is no enthusiasm either in Formosa or anywhere else to fight to keep it as an American base. The collapse of the dollar and of the the world pressure monetary crisis has greatly re- duced the room manoeuvre. The unpopularity of the Vietnam war, the opposition of the army to this war and its inner decay and the growing internal crisis which the war has aggravated increase the political advantages of a peace initiative; Nixon has been conscious of this ever since he became President.

On the international scene, the US is confronted by the growth of the European Common Market as a rival bloc and by the grow- ing economic strength of Japan in the Pacific. The establishment of China normal relations with opens up new trade prospects, counters dangers from Japan and makes possible the cutting down of military commitments in Asia.

Therefore, without renouncing its long-term counter-revolution- objectives, American im- ary perialism considering a pragmatic shift of line. It seeks of the Chinese the complicity establishing. a in bureaucracy re-division of Asia on the basis of the existing correlation of forces. Chlang Kal-shek

Workers Proes, Tueaday February 22, 1972 PAGE 7 It takes into account that the Chinese Revolution cannot overthrown by methods which not in breaking N Vietnam. Doc threat wea, the Crone bureaucracy, the storms of the aller cultural revolution', for a period of calm deal with pressing internal problems. dangerous Just how deep and the internal crisis in China is, or has been, is impossible Strong measures have been taker.

accuracy. who, Some 'cultural revolution, during the esponsibi for breaking weLt China's liplomatic with LICe Cabilalist

ALLN

same the rumours concerning the time, fate once in Piao point to the existence the bureaucracy a wing which wanted to negotiate with the Soviet settlement Union. The presumption is,

LUCI CLOIC

Chou that the group aroune Can- du too a deal him lis ready deal China capitalist world enable break her dangerous isolation. The Chinese. after all, never abandoned the nave Stalinist policy of peaceful existence' which the flows fron one country'. If anything comes of the Nixon visit China, only be can the lines of a kind of Yalta agree. ment applying to SE Asia and the Pacific This min. US accepting sphere and the abandonment fluence retension to give revolutior ry leadership in Asia e Most will seek in ter what return there is rirst the restoration and the recognition rormosa China's territorial integrity and diplomatic espectability The admission mak Americans this 1aST November logical course for the ccept More difficult tr negotiate will be the With rama tro a Viace setlem tht. it is usear peace sees in do china of a clear I norea are apprenensive of a sell-out in both areas The Chinese leadership has made virtually no public comment the talks, the 101 nor have the popular media said arrival Nixon. This may after two decades because, ropaganda ot sure what the effect will be For Nixon, confirmed anti- reputation there is little to all communist be lost from the visit and much to sinarely election year it puts him the public eye with coverage only paralleled by moon landings. favourable lude He vill arou which enclone trovement stronase it will relations which results from the enable it to proclaimed least a modest success. If it fails, Do to managent i id conveniently intransigence Maoists and will not do Nixon's election prospects any harm.

While the Chinese bureaucracy and imperialism have certain common Innuence of the Soviet he sover for Nixon deal with Union incomparably mOre deal with Peking. He may see Peking as merely a stepping stone to Moscow.

SUPER-POWER

Chou En-lai insists that China is only concerned with Asia and ambitions be nas no a super. On this basis he hones to settle outstanding problem which Sino- poisone American relations establish and mocus viveror le that hone Predatection Chin anainst China While the Soviet Union. policy has contest never been a revolutionary inter- nationalist policy with and a dea American imperialism would rep- change e United into 'the Nations, to have their rightful •ace on security Council instead of Nationalist China. Nixon visit 'successful. if it results in some kind deal between Peking kill any remaining illusions about revolutona caractel Maoism, the official orthodoxy of Nationallst leader Chiang Katehak the Chinese bureaucracy. LIn Plao (right) with Mao Tae-lung and Chou En-lal. His fate is silll surrounded with rumours

PAGE 8 Workers Pross, Tueeday Februar The United States govern- ment regards the Brazilian dictatorship military as a model for the whole of Latin America. US leaders are delighted with the country's call what they 'economic miracle'. Treasury secretary John Con- example, told nally, for Brazilian economic mission on a recent visit to Washington that he hoped one day the US would be as successful as Brazil.

President Nixon said he was convinced Brazil's policies would one day be followed by the whole of Latin America. The reasons for the US leaders' pleasure are not far to seek. The 'success' in. much-publicized . has been confined almost Brazil to foreign capitalists, exclusively US investors well in the with lead. US money has taken over all the dynamic sectors of Brazil's native leaving Brazilian businessmen to pick over the remaining scraps.

Rio de Janeiro, The news- paper 'Correio de Manha' com- plained recently about the reduc- of Brazilian-owned tion in size 'All the big businesses. com- panies in Brazil are under state control or in foreign hands, it said. The article did not point out is losing itself that the state ground and that foreign capital has secured sweeping concessions in sectors of industry that were nationalized - the previously petro-chemical industry for example.

PICTURE

'Hanson's Latin American Washington publica- Letter'. tion which is very influential in business circles, has painted glowing picture of American investment in Latin American manufacturing industry. to Hanson, Brazil According and Venezuela show the biggest returns for capital investment in industry. Brazil also tops the list for reinvestment of profits.

Barclays Bank says the 'pheno- market activity on the stock menal a striking feature of the - Brazilian 'with economy, large quantities of domestic and foreign capital being invested in Brazilian companies'. ay February 22, 1872 The Rand Corporation has prepared a report for the State Department on the Latin Ameri- can military regimes, for circula- tion to the Nixon administration.

The report will doubtless influence US policy in the area for 1972. It claims Brazil is the Latin American. country most likely to become a world power, adding that its success illustrates one of two possible roads for the military dictators of Latin America. The other road is that of Peru. Rand study favours the The Brazilian road. Though the have not come military rulers out too subserviently in favour of the US, they have accepted huge American loans to build up US has just lent industry. The $323m for the develop- Brazil ment of the steel industry and $138m to establish a nuclear power plant.

ASSISTANCE

The loans are being provided by the Eximbank (the US foreign trade bank), the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank and private finance houses.

Industry Minister Pratini Moraes has guaranteed that all unfinished steel products will be in the hands of private com- panies to which the government will give any assistance necessary.

It is not only the world steel barons who have reason to smile at the 'Brazilian miracle'. Last year, for example the computer International Business •lan t Machines held its annual con- ference on Brazilian soil. The executives enjoyed their stay at the Sao Paulo Hilton: their com- pany has maintained a 30 per annual in cent growth rate Brazil since 1968. Big motor firms are in on the act as well. Chrysler recently announced its sales in Brazil had jumped 50 per cent in 1971.

Brazilian Chrysler plants aim to American the Latin capture market. Dodge has begun advertising campaign in major Brazil to try and beat Chrysler to the markets. another Naturally, there is side to the so-called 'miracle'.

This is revealed in a report published_from Algiers by the exiled Brazilian Information Front. Their most recent 'Bulletin' points out the steady erosion of workers' living stan- dards under the brutal dictator- ship of Garrastazu Medici and his military backers. Prices are rising at about 20 per cent a year but wages have been held down to a 9 per cent of un- reserve army employed and under-employed workers in town and country are living worse than ever. "To buy what they bought before the 1964 coup workers ought to earn 240 cruzieros instead of 180 (per month). The 60 additional cruzieros which they in fact fail to receive turn into profits for the yet more capitalists and their middle-class hangers on,' the 'Bulletin' says.

'Ten years ago, according to a study the recent economy, on the bourgeoisie, which is 1 per cent of the population, received 28 of the national per cent income, with a per capita average of $8,400. 'The upper middle-class (4 per cent of the population), received 16 per cent, with • a per capita average of $1,200. The middle class (15 per cent of the popula- tion), obtained 21 per cent, with average income of $420 a head.'

Regularly-employed workers earning the basic wage (30 per of the population) took cent home $200 a head on average.

The so-called 'independent rural and city workers' - comprising fully 50 per cent of Brazil's population - had anaverage annual income of only $90 a head.

INCREASED

Ten years later, in 1970, the increased upper bourgeoisie had its take to 30 per cent, the share going to the middle classes had risen to 20-22 per cent and the share of national income going to workers and the unemployed was cut by almost a quarter.

These figures, of course, take no account of the vast sums syphoned off as super-profits by the US But one monopolies. thing is abundantly clear - Brazil's economic miracle is more than the super- nothing exploitation of the working class under a regime of brutal military dictatorship. This is Nixon's model for the rest of Latin America. Chile's Popular government has assured the right-wing Bolivian military dictatorship that it will keep a strict watch on political exiles in Chile. The promise came in a reply to statements from Colonel Hugo Banzer, the Bolivian ruler, who stated: 'Chile has become a base for political hostility against Bolivia, with encouragement from Cuba.' for Chile's under-secretary Foreign Affairs, Anibal Palma, hastened to reassure Banzer. He said: 'Chile has been and always will be strict when it comes to demanding of the political exiles our country a conduct in in The present Bolivian dic- tators received arms aid from Brazil for their military coup, according to former Bolivian army chief Luis Reque Teran.

expelled from 'Teran was Bolivia at the beginning of this month and is now in exile in Buenos Aires. He stated that in August 1971, 15,000 rifles, 500 machine guns and vast amounts ammunition reached right- of wing centres in Bolivia. weapons arrived in nine The air-force and Brazilian planes were handed over to Colonels Banzer, Suarez and Andre Selich they launched their coup against the regime of Gen Juan José Torres. statement confirms Teran's colonels' suspicions that the extreme right-wing regime was installed with CIA help. (The

CIA

works closely with the Brazilian government.) The former army chief was himself involved in the coup. He sided with Banzer when it became obvious that the coup would succeed. He is hated by Bolivian workers for his role in leading the fight against Guevarist guerrillas in 1967.

Teran captured It who was French intellectual Regis Debray, who was later sentenced to 30 Colonel Hugo Banzer keeping with their situation'.

Palma indicated that in the specific case of Bolivian exiles: 'We must state that most of them have been granted asylum at the express request of the Bolivian government itself.'

He declared that international and Chilean public opinion is aware that, 'the authorities of our country have been severe in controlling the activities of the exiles in Chile' He denied Banzer's charges that Bolivian exiles were being trained as urban guerrillas or "terrorists'. On this point, he said, the Chilean government will con- tinue to adhere to the basic prin- ciples of its international policy self-determi- for the - respect nation of the peoples and non- intervention in the affairs of other countries. Palma represents a government representatives consisting of from the Communist Party, the social-democrats and the radicals.

It is extremely eager to make clear that it has no revolutionary ambitions for the rest of Latin America. years' prison. It is not clear why he has now fallen out with the new regime.

Banzer claims the former chiet of staff misappropriated $230,000 entrusted to him by the Federal German government. has replied that the Teran facts of this matter are well known and the issue has simply been raked up to blacken his name. He now appears to have asso- with the ciated himself exiled Anti - Imperialist Revolutionary Front, embracing all Banzer's the revisionist from opponents, POR, headed by Guillermo Lora, to the Stalinists and the regime's bourgeois enemies. Torres

GUEST REVIEWER

Chaplin's 'Modern Times' is, without doubt, among the major creative achievements of this century. Released in 1936, it was Chaplin's second sound film (the first being "City Lights') but preserves all the techniques of the silent movie, including the use of titles. Despite this 'archaism' it remains the most modern of comedies, and one of the most real and beautiful. has always been Chaplin particularly great influence, on those seeking to bring strongly socialist content into art. Brecht Eisenstein particular and acknowledged their debt to him.

simply a This cannot be matter of the 'tramp' character's After all, the character appeal. depended, to degree, on audience sympathy and identifi- cation, so it could hardly be held a model of Brecht's ideas up as on acting. Brecht insisted that actors should demonstrate the features they played the characters of rather than identifying with them, and said they should seem to their rather than quote lines speaking them as the character might be expected to. Eisenstein, who in Equally, writings holds up the idea of 'the masses as hero' and rejects the idea of a story based on the adventures of an individual, could justify Chaplin's film hardly according to such principles.

So why was Chaplin important to these other great creators!

Firstly, I think, because of the clarity of his simplicity and approach to film direction. The often camera still, near enough to the action to show its essentials clearly, but sufficiently to keep it in a real distant context. Each character and each scene is introduced in simple imagery which remains recognizable in all its various developments, without seeking variety for its own sake- the camera moves only to show the connections between, or the contradictions between, things that are shown, or to continuity of the preserve reality on the screen. few examples might be useful: The capitalist is always shown in the same shot, seated by his monitor television. When we see this image transmitted to the shop floor, it remains the same. We thus see him always as the workers see him—a disem- bodied figure, issuing commands.

2) The shop floor is introduced by a camera movement which connects the television image of the capitalist (who orders speed- up of production) to the main body of the shop. It moves finally among the workers, coming to rest on an image which includes Charlie and two other workers, all engaged in a frenetic, ballet-like nut screwing routine.

each others They get in can't get out of the mechanical hand movement habit, so have a hard job trying to eat their food. Thus Charlie is placed, despite his legendary 'uniqueness', in a context where he is seen as one of many, one of a class. 3) The first time we see hint alone is in the washroom, taking a short rest. The camera is very distant, and he seems very small On the far wall the television image of the capitalist reappears ordering him back to work, and his class position is instantly re- established—-his essential relation- ship to the audience. Immediately he is no longer alone. 4) Paulette Goddard, a some- what vagrant girl from the water- front, is introduced against the background of a moving boat. This simple image of her, re- peated and developed throughout the film in various dramatic con- convey the texts, seems to her essentials of wayward character in a way that words never could. It goes to the roots of cinema-how to show the in- side with a camera that can show only the outside. 5) As Charlie unwittingly leads a march against unemployment, the camera moves along with the whole march, preserving not only the dramatic image of the isolated Charlie, but also the audience's contact with the march, drawing preserving their them. into it and contact with it in a precise and unchanging image. 6) Paulette Goddard's father is first introduced as he walks into his house after a day tramping around looking for a job.

The camera is far away so we can see the weariness of his pace.

A single close-up as he wipes his forehead is enough to convey his integrity and his frustration. Then, returning to the distant camera angle, we see his children enter to console him. In roughly 15 seconds, Chaplin has conveyed the degradation workers and their families during and has placed the depression, the Paulette Goddard character in a context in which we can no mistake her for longer some individualistic lumpen element in the film. 7) At the end of the film, we see Chaplin looking off screen in close-up. We know he is with Goddard. Paulette expect that the camera will move to her looking at him. It show does move, but she is not looking at him. She is looking at us, and bursts into tears. gesture speaks This simple volumes about her disillusionment the and frustration by using expectations of the audience. It sets the scene for Chaplin's final confident gesture of hope for the future. It would be wrong, of course, to say that Chaplin's art is great simply because of its socialist content. It is because of the clarity and reality of this content, the richness of its application in the film, and the control and workmanship which gone into involving the audience in it, that 'Modern Times' has survived a good 25 years. Chaplin has done something very interesting-he has made a film of a character everyone of thinks as unique, but by placing him in a class context he has shown how, in the real world, he is not unique at all. This is the real source of the 'tramp's' fascination for audiences, and the of his influence source on socialist artists. Even so, we have not exhausted the complexity of the character.

As in •Shoulder Arms, the 'tramp' is a political innocent.

not want to be drawn He does into social conflict, but is drawn in willy-nilly. We see him un- wittingly leading a march of the unemployed and getting put into prison for it. In - such Chaplin has scenes the individuality of the played 'tramp' against organized working class, and it is in this, I think, that the source of the ricbness of the come leand its real class content The demonstrations in the film hit the spectator with the full force of today's reality, becoming more, rather than with the less, real passing of time, and intrude into the life of the "tramp' just as production line did. . He participates without learning any- thing. But the film as a whole brings transcends this, and together a picture of a nation in ferment, with the working class being beaten by the fighting, of 'law and order', but forces fighting on. Whatever may be said about Chaplin's failure to break away from Stalinism, and his ultimate loss of real faith in the working class after World War II, he was making films with real and con- tinuously relevant class content throughout the darkest days of the working-class struggle. Alone amongst western film makers, be • World War I as an im- tackled perialist war, and showed effects on the working class in 'Shoulder Arms', made in 1918.

In 'Modern Times' it hammered the wage-slavery of the pro- duction line, the capitalists and their police lackeys, and all the evils of the depression in the year Hollywood bosses when were preparing to stamp liberal, out left-wing protest by imposing the Hollywood Production Code.

A final word about a scene in 'Modern Times' which brings together all the richness and depth of Chaplin's humour. At the end of the production-line Charlie is literally scene, swallowed up by the machine.

We see a macabre, funny, and beautiful ballet he very as glides around amongst the cogs, suspending all our disbelief simply, an excess of inspiration.

He comes out the other end, and dances around the shop floor, squirting everyone with oil, up to and including the boss (off TV for the first time). The camera glides along with him, obsessed by the improvisatory force of the scene. Charlie is then carted off.

We see a title which dryly informs us that he has had a nervous breakdown. Do I need to more? The whole Chaplin-making great art out of making reality out of real life, fantasy, beauty and humour out of tragedy (and the reverse), a picture of class society with a few simple images and the quirks of a single character-all these things make Chaplin what he is— the finest of comic creators, and an artist very much for our own times. Workers Press, Tuesday February 22, 1972 PAGE 9 The State of Victoria, Australia, The first feature film ever made about the exploits of an plans to rename Elwood Beach, Australian London Melbourne's southern sub- in will in the almost certainly be banned in urbs. It has suggested Australia itself. And this will beach should in future be be in spite of the fact that it known as Prince Charles Beach.

was the Australian Film The prince actually swam there Development Council which on his tour of Australia two actually financed the project.

describing The man who winkled the experience "like swimming in diluted out of the council is as money sewage'. Bruce Beresford, former lead- ing figure in the British Film Institute. Just he left as Sydney airport to return with the loot, Beresford was warned not to let too many 'colloquial- isms' into the script. Some hope! On returning to Britain Beresford concocted a Humphries, script with Barry the Melbourne-born actor who specializes in sending up Australians. And the central character in the film is Barry Mackenzie, the appalling comic-strip figure who spends his entire life throwing up his lunch and urinating into flower pots. The Australian film censors, reputed to be among the most rigid the on planet, are expected to recommend that Mackenzie 'doesn't flash his of the nasty' any prim 10: cinemas Down Under. Why didn't the 'Sunday Times' fully-documented publish its account of the massacre of 13 civilians in Londonderry?

The City of London is upset The paper's editor, Harold about a new of assault type fined £1,000 Evans, a -the 'walk-in' thief. Couple of ears ago after being convicted This audacious contempt gent has taken to walking into big offices He was given a court charge. by the judges in the City and lifting anything sharp warning to hand. The City Police Crime on that occasion. One senior editor was over- Prevention Unit has reported 'He wasn't afraid 700 such thefts last year. 'That's heard saying: to do the six months' jail that about two a day. would they almost certainly The most common theft is have given him. He was more the lifting of business equip- afraid that he'd lose his job.'

ment like typewriters or cash Who the men the are on The thieves, posing registers. Newspapers board of Times as workmen, simply enter the who apparently worried Evans?

office and cart off what they Lord Thom- The chairman, want. son, and his freedom fighting The daring colleagues including Lord most theft Shawcross, Lord occurred a couple of weeks Robens and Lord formerly when half a dozen men Thomas, Sir ago Miles Thomas, who was linked walked into a large open-plan office and made off with a car.

with the Mayfair gambling club suspected of Mafia con- pet worth several hundreds of nections. pounds.

LEON TROTSKY:

Germany 1931/1932 Paperback £1.25 cloth £1.87} Where Is Britain Golng ? Paperback 374p Revolution Betrayed Paperback 624pcloth £1.05 Problems of the Chinese Revolution Paperback £1.12hcloth £1.874 Permanent Revolution : Results and Prospects Paperback 75D In Defence of Marx/em Paperback 75p Lessons of October Paperback 60p Postage 10p per book, 3p per

NEW PARK PULATIONS

186a Clapham High Street, London SW4 7UG.

construct revolutionary party

DANGERS FACING YOUTH ON THE DOLE

PAGE 10 Workers Preas, Tuesday Februa

THE MINERS'

strike has changed the whole course of English history since 1945, Socialist Labour League national secretary Gerry Healy told a rally at St Helens to greet the first leg of the Liverpool-London Right-to-Work march. 'Nothing can be quite the same again in relationships be- the the classes. Workers tween became class conscious during the strike and recognized the main But he warned of the dangers of the Tory counter-attack that had to follow. "They've got their breathing And the trade union space. leadership have given the Tories time,' said Comrade Healy.

"The miners could have won everything. But their reformist leadership did not want openly to make the Tories resign.

'That's why the construction of a revolutionary party is so important. It is in this context that the Right-to-Work marches take place. 'The first major intention of this march is to construct a revolutionary leadership in the and working-class trade union movement. If we do not take up this responsibility, we will suffer a defeat which will make 1926 look microscopic,' he added.

Earlier the Town Hall audience performance "The saw a of English Revolution'. It immedi- ately warmed to this play which brought out so clearly lessons of the bourgeois revolu- tion for our struggle in 1972.

The most enthusiastic response came from the marchers. Said Tony Russell from Bootle: *It showed that what hap- pened there is happening now.

The Tories will be beheaded just like : Charles I. It will come to a crunch just as it did in Cromwell's days. I always thought actors were top people who didn't care about us. They surprised me tonight and supported us very well, Tony told me. DAY 15—Hartlepool

FROM STEPHEN JOHNS

MARX coined the term lumpen- proletariat. He used describe a section of the work- ing class who were driven down economic deprivation into crime and social degeneration. they become Eventually com - plete victims of the capitalist system. Often when the unemployed. Re and particularly the young unem- ployed — recount their experi- ences they describe this process.

By joining the march, they have begun an initial break from this danger and are becoming con- scious of it. Eric Kell (17), who has just joined us, left school in Sunder- land with an ambition to get a job and money. Enough anyway to give his widowed mother some comfort and to allow him money to spend. But he was pushed out of the classroom onto the streets of Sunderland where youth un- employment is the highest in England. For a while he was searching for work. The crowded youth dole was little help. 'You need their green card- that's a recommendation for the ay February 22, 1972

PLAYWRIGHT

The marchers from Liverpool received a tremendous welcome outside St Helens. There to were the Pilkington greet us committee and rank-and-file miners from nearby Bold colliery.

It has already been reported that the miners gave £10 towards the campaign. But we got a real to 30 of lift when we saw 20 them waiting for us with their lodge banner to escort us into town. I spoke to Ted Newley, presi- dent of the Lancashire crafts- men's section of the NUM.

"The aims of the march are clear. We want the Tories out.

They should have resigned last job they send you to-but they never gave me one. 'You're living on £3.60 and you know there's going to be no job. So you just up and wander about the town, looking in the shops. Perhaps at night you will go to a cheap dance—if there js break the boredom. one to Really you're fed up all the time.

At the weekend there's nothing to look forward to. You can't go out Friday night with your mates wages to spend. who have Sometimes they buy you a pint or two, but it can't happen every week. You become separated off.

To break this deadly routine, invisible to strike back at an oppressor, or simply out of sheer boredom the teenager with no might a fight with another youth, petty theft for money. Eric stole cars. 'I used to drive them around for a while. But I always took them back. I didn't want them.

It was just the excitement.'

He was arrested and sent to approved school, then a detention attempt to escape centre. landed him in borstal.

WE DEMAND

THE

RIGHT

TO

WORK

OL TO LON

1972

WRIGHT JOHN MCGRATH LEADS THE MARC

Friday when we got our settle- ment. It is the most reactionary gov- ernment since 1926. We have set the standard with our strike for the whole trade union move- ment.' Jim Fullerton, president of St Helens NUM panel, added: 'We feel we have now won a victory. Now we are determined to lend other sections of • the working class, like yourselves, all our support.' Finally, thank must on behalf of all of us Kirkby Labour Club for the reception they laid our midday stop on for us on from Liverpool. Borstal and later prison moulds what was a young school-leaver into another personality.

He comes to accept a life of dole, crime and institutions and complétely alienated becomes from the labour movement and working class. Eric told me how this began to happen at his borstal.

'You went in there and from the start they told you who was You obeyed them and master. they had grades to encourage was Ordinary The first yqu. Grade, the second Training Grade, the third was Senior and then you got the Grade discharge tie when you were due out. 'Eventually they let me out to the streets in the staff sweep village. This was to put you down make you menial. and Especially when the magistrates came, they would see you.

disobeyed you'd When you find yourself in the block for punishment. They made you scrub the floor all the day. Some- times you would stuff Teddy bears. 'The thing about borstal is not just the toughness, but the THE NEWCASTLE and District Trades Council has passed a resolution complimenting the Young Socialists' Right-to-Work march which passed through the city last week. An executive committee minute of from the council's meeting

HE MARCH OUT OF KIRKBY, LANCS.

Shult, delegate Ormskirk Labour Party, steward at Otis elevators and secretary of Kirkby AUEW, told me he was against the bans and proscriptions imposed by the Labour Party on other left-wing organizations. Everyone must have the opportunity of attending Labour Party conferences, putting for- ward their ideas and fighting the on a united capitalist system front.' It was also at Kirkby Labour Club that playwright John McGrath joined the march to St Helens.

ERIC KELL

February 17 states: "The secretary reported that he had met the marchers at Denton Burn and marched with them carrying the trades council banner through Benwell, Elswick to the Central Methodist Church hall where he had arranged accommodation; 'He paid tribute to their dedication, enthusiasm and dis- ciplined behaviour. It was agreed that a letter in complimentary terms be sent to the march leaders and a letter of thanks to Mr and Mrs Richardson, , care takers of the church hall, for their helpful co-operation.

'A letter had been received from the ETU (Newcastle E trades branch) thanking the council for their support.'

The minute was sent to the Right-to-Work campaign execu- tive by Mr C. G. Steel, general secretary of the trades council.

The Woodside branch of the Amalgamated Union of Engineer- ing Workers, Glasgow, is giving support to the march and mak- ing a contribution of £2. Collec- tions will also be undertaken at other branch meetings. Castleford, Yorkshire, town council has agreed to put up the Glasgow-London marchers for the night on Friday February 25.

They will provide them with an evening meal and a breakfast before they set off again on Saturday morning. The Trades Council in the town has collected £3.80 towards financing the march and has called on all affiliated branches to take collections. The Trades Council is organizing a collection in the town as the march passes through. Glasshoughton branch of the National Union of Mineworkers has decided to support the march.

Saville miners (NUM branch) from Methley, near Castleford, voted to support the Right-to- Work campaign and agreed in principle that ten delegates should attend the rally. The AUEW branch at Pollard Bearings, Knottingley, Yorkshire, has donated £5 to the campaign.

LONDON

YOUNG SOCIALISTS'

Right-to-Work Meetings Tuesday February 22, 8 p.m.

T&GWU Offices, 173, Clapham Road, SW9 Wednesday February 23, 8 p.m.

Woolwich Town Hall (public hall) Market! St, SE 18 Thursday February 24, 8 p.m.

Ruskin House, Coombe Ra, S Croydon monotony and routine. At my place we were one in a cell. The days were all the same. You got to feel strange and different. For example, I used to have good nerves and be confident in front of people. Now I'm very bad, my nerves are bad. I think this was caused by borstal and unem- ployment.' The Tories are now attempt- ing to produce a vast new lumpen-proletariat among youth. A special kind of police- man had been created to deal with this. The stories of police harass- ment and brutality on the Tyne match those from Glasgow, and the Vale of Leven. The police arrest arbitrarily in an attempt to force some kind of curfew on youth at night. In Sunderland, and places like Renton, near Glasgow, youth face immediate arrest simply oI standing or walking down the after certain hours at street night. The fight against the kind of backwardness promoted by the dole, police oppression, borstal Is a major issue in getting young workers to fight politically.

FROM DAVID MAUDE IN S WALES

AS WE left the outskirts of Swansea, we passed the site of the Morganite Carbon Ltd plant, where work is to be transferred from Battersea in S Lon- don. This was another warning for the marchers of the tech- niques used by employers to split the employed from unemployed. great reception in We got a Skewen, where unemployment has risen rapidly over the last year.

At the the Terminus Hotel landlord and his wife gave us a room and passed the hat round the public bar to support us and turned out to cheer us into the bargain. The main employment in the town is at the big new Llandarcy oil-refinery owned by BP. Since local collieries - Cefn two Coed and Skewen Main-closed some years ago the miners have had to travel to work or leave the industry. Otherwise workers have a daily journey to Neath, Swansea, or even further afield. For the job- less, even these of course, journeys are a luxury. Alan Boobier, National Union Mineworkers' of delegate at Tryforgn colliery, in the Dulais valley to the NE of Neath, wished the marchers 'the same success as we had in our strike'.

He told me: 'What we have in common is this: the whole purpose of our strike was to force the Tory government to resign, though that's not to say we weren't ma militant under Labour. 'We are the workers and that's to it. You have an end to remember that it was the Labour Party who started Heath off with all his policies. 'And though the TUC rep- resents 10 million workers, we've had no lead from there at all.

We are the majority in this country, but sometimes I can't understand how we've got SO low. All we wanted was a living wage, but we had to virtually the country to a stop to bring get it.' feeling, Alan With some stressed: 'We don't want to just exist all our damn lives. We've got our children coming after us-and this government wants to make them suffer for what our of their toughness, Because lack of illusions and hatred of youth the system, these can become some of the best political leaders of the future movement.

Eric has joined this fight.

I heard about the campaign through a dance, he told me. I went because it was a cheap dance. But then some of the organizers started talking to me.

I thought the idea of the march was good. I have always been against the Tories, but I don't know much politics. Generally I feel about rage. I get mad when I'm talking other young people on the to dole in Sunderland. I say "You're They have to fight and I think they will.' The Glasgow-London marchers the other send greetings to marchers. We hope they have the success we have experienced.

The main response in Hartle- pool, a depressed town with 16 cent unemployment, has per Transport and come from the General Workers' Union Steetley branch. They paid for our over- night accommodation in a church hall. Tomorrow we move on to Middlesbrough. 1972 forefathers had to fight years and hang around for the steel workers going home to ask if they had years for.' The marchers were tremend- iny spare sandwiches ously encouraged by the warm re- 'Our stomachs were so empty too, ception they received at Skewen.

we enjoyed them, he said. Not only were we cheered into George • former is miner the Terminus Hotel by landlord turned electricity worker and in Burgess Ernie and his clients, his time assistant leader spare the whole public bar of the Neath Boys' Club, burst into where spontaneous applause when march our second night we spent on secretary Clive Norris explained the road. of the Today he and other the purpose march and many offered our thanks. adult workers in the see town on-the-spot collec- A generous their memories revived by the tion raised £3.97. One Tory government. regular Richard, Thomas wanted to hear a So But the and song. we Right-to-Work Baldwin steelworks long him 'The are Song'. only a few metal-industry As we left for the last stretch factories remain and the CP is to Neath, goodbye even leading a 1930s style saying to not Arnold Wesker who had led the protest. Ernie Instead the Young Socialists march out of Swansea, are storming through Wales with Burgess told me: "This is the kind of thing we their 'We rousing chants of There's nothing for youth demand the Right to Work! Kick need. these days. the Tories out!' 'I wish you didn't have to do Welsh Sundays are not exactly all wish you luck.' it, but we the best time to large Ernie Burgess, but by the Our thanks to numbers of people, Alan Boobier and others at the time we hit Neath news of the Terminus. march had travelled far and wide NEATH is a town with memories in the labour movement. of mass unemployment- -and they Neath telephone call from Bernard to life again. to a Ford shop steward, are coming In 1935, Pitson, who had helped jobless workers' us in by organized the Communist search for accommodation our Swansea, told Party marched from Neath to in us that our brief stop off in Skewen the London in the search for work.

on George Singleton's father was had been discussed at way one of them. Ford stewards' that meeting Now 52, George remembers afternoon. Our thanks to all those at the the of depression and years them. Neath Boys' Club their doesn't want to return to 'As friendly assistance to us.

kids we sometimes had to The daily paper that leads the fight against the Torles. £20.28 for 12 months (312 issues) £10.14 for 6 months (156 Issues) £5.07 for 3 months (78 issues) If you want to take Workers Preas twice a week the rates are: £1.56 for 3 months (24 issues) £6.24 for 12 months (96 issues) Fill in the form below NOW and send to: Circulation Dept., Workers Press, 186a Clapham High St., London, SW4 7UG. I would like to take out a subscription to Workers Press.

THURSDAY

Days required

MONDAY

(Please tick)

TUESDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

WEDNESDAY

Or Full subscription (six days) for months. Name ... 4ddrass Amount enclosed £ Workers Press, Tuesday February 22, 1972 PAGE 11

BBC

9.38-12.30 Schools. 12.55-1.25 Dechrau canu. 1.30 Andy Pandy.

1.45-1.53 News and weather. 2.05-2.55 Schools.

3.45 Rosla and after. 4.15 Play school. 4.40 Jackanory. 4.55 Vision on.

5.20 Motor mouse. 5.44 Sir Prancelot. 5.50 News and weather.

6.00 NATIONWIDE. Your region tonight.

6.45 QUIZ BALL. Wales v Scotland.

7.05 TOMORROW'S WORLD.

7.30 FILM:

'BREAKOUT.

James Drury, Kathryn Hays, Woody Strode. A convict in a maximum security prison is obsessed with escape. 9.00 NINE O'CLOCK NEWS and weather.

9.25 THE BRITISH EMPIRE. 'Scramble for Africa'.

10.20 FILM 72.

10.50 24 HOURS.

11.25 VIEWPOINT.

11.45 Weather. ввс 2 11.00-11.25 Play school. 5.35-6.30 Open University.

6.35 HANDLING MATERIALS. 'Old Materiala-Now Mathods'.

7.05 OPEN UNIVERSITY.

7.30 NEWSROOM and weather. THE SPACE BETWEEN WORDS. 'School'.

8.05

COLLECTOR'S WORLD.

9.00 9.25 PLAY: 'JOY'. By Alun Owen. lan Hendry, Elizabeth Shep- herd, Timothy West, Rowena Cooper.

10.50 NEWS ON 2 and weather.

10.55 THE OLD GREY WHISTLE TEST. Sounds of today's music.

ITV

10.20 Schools. 2.35 Time to remember. 3.00 Houseparty. 3.15 Tea Simon Locke. 4.40 Once upon a break. 3.45 Matinee. 4.10 Dr time. 4.55 Sooty show. 5,20 Magpie. 5.50 News.

6.00 TODAY. Eamonn Andrews.

6.40

CROSSROADS.

FILM: 'THE MONK'. George Maharis, Janet Leigh. Mystery 7.05 set in San Francisco. 8.30

WHICKER'S ORIENT.

9.00 LOVE STORY. 'Never Too Late'. Wendy Hiller, Douglas Wilmer.

10.00 NEWS AT TEN.

10.30 THREE IN A BED.

11.00 DRIVE-IN.

11.30 BEWITCHED. 'Samantha's Wedding Present'.

12.00 THE TEACHERS.

11.45 Ama- 10.50 Derry sound.

BBC-1

except: teur News, weather. le ewele 6.00 boxing. Wales: Nationwide. Nation- England: 6.00-6.45 Wales weather. Midlands today. Heddiw. 10.20- Look wide. Look East, West, South 10.50 centuries of stone. 10.20-10. Spot gho weather. 11.47 Weather. MacKenzie Scotland: 6.00-6.45 Reporting England Long So.50 dapital Nationwide. 10.20 (North). George Tetley (NE). folk. Scot- (NW). Con- News, tact (Midlands). camera 11.50 viewnoint. orchestra now Anglia). It's weather. sW). 11.07 News. South, N Ireland: . Scene • ar0.2d Nationwide weather. six, weather.

REGIONAL

IU 10.20-2.33

ATV

MIDLANDS 3195

10.20-2.33 Lon-

CHANNEL:

3.5. 3.10 Y today: Horoscope. 4.10 Enchanted 14 20 mon Locke. 4.10 4.25 Women fin. Simon London. London. 7.00 London. 6.00 News 6.00 Today. Film: "Mask of Who venows, 8.30 file. Lookarouna. knows? 7.00 Film: London. Hell LOne On. Loose' London. Broke 11.00 10.20 London. 2.34 Gazette. 11.05 Naws, weather. Pied Unit 2. 3.00 3.05 Matinee. 3.35 News.

WESTWARD.

As Channel Honeybur News. 4.20 4.15 Crossroads. 3.55 News. London, 6.00 11.28 chanted 4.55 6.30 Calendar Simon Film Hard Man'. ocke. 10.20-2.33 8.30 London. 11.00 brother's

SOUTHERN: 10

London. 11.30 Communicators. 3.10 Yoga. Horoscope. 4.40 KiSs Weather: Tea break. 4.10 Houseparty. 4.30 Cartoon. Crossroads 4.55 TINE 15.05 plea 10.20 6.00 Day bo

TEES:

London. 2.33 day. London, Film: Unit 3.10 Plas Doctor at large. "The 3.35 3.45 Crimson Kimono' 8.30 with purpose. News. Taste and style. 4.15 Cro News. 11.10 Odd isroads. Enchanted house. 4.55 Lon- Farm progress. 6.30 Dr Weather. 6.00 Today. Simon "The Decke. 100 7.00 Pilm: Man From

BARSE CHUS.20-22315

London. 3.50 Del 8.30 1o. 12.00 11.00 11.45 Snooker. News. Ері- Tinkertain- ment. Crossroads 18 4.55 Lon- logue. 6.01 dydd. R 9005 10-23:253 Wales. 6.35 30 London. London. Catse Drive. 8.la Doctor

SCOTTISH:

3.30 Crossroads. Film: foo. in London. 11.30 Dateline. 4.55 London. 6.00 11.00 Golddiggers 6.20 Hogan's heroes. 12.00 Weather Dateline. 6.50 10 Belvedere Channel as above except: 8.30 6.01-6.18 Report West. Late London.

HTV

11.05 call. Baitin Museum. 3.40. N3.0Y 3.38 News. ga. 4,40% Once pon a time. 6.00 upon 4.55 4:10 ANGS: 45020-ome Today News, weather. 6.00. 7.00 condon. Film: today. break. 4.40 'You Must Be Joking'. 8.30 Enchanted house My * 13.05 4.55 London. 6.00 About Anglia. don. 11.00 brother's 35 6.35 London 7.00 Film: •Foreign Living and growing. Exchange'. 8.30 London. Epilogue. would like information about Fill in the form below and send to NATIONAL

SECRETARY,

SOCIALIST

LABOUR

LEAGUE,

186A CLAPHAM HIGH ST, LONDON, SW4 7UG.

Name Address

turn up- TORIES MAY TAKE PAGE 12 Workers Press, Tuesday Febru LETTERS handled by a private post service set up during the postmen's strike have been delivered—a year after they were 'posted'! 170 letters destined for in addresses Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire 'posted" and originally in Chelsea have turned up 12 months later in a Battersea letterbox. So much for private enterprise.

Undaunted by this failure, Richard King (30), another of the handful of 'postmen' who sprang during the six weeks postal up strike, has announced plans for a 'permanent' service. Though the Post Office Corpor- ation remained silent through- out the long and bitter strike, it has now threatened to take legal against King's 'guerrilla action capitalist post office' if he goes on with his plan. King's 'messengers' are their own employers, without security or protection, and completely dependent on the effort they put in for their take home pay.

King's workforce of ten are class, very much middle SO rights and security are not likely to worry them. King told the press: 'It is our intention to give the public and postal workers the choice of a service and employer they have for too long been denied.'

He is unlikely to find many post workers who want to sur- render the benefits of nationaliz- ation, whatever the shortcomings, to join cyclist motor messengers.

FEBRUARY

NEEDS £464.09

IN 8 DAYS

ALL OUR efforts must turn now to completing February's Fund.

This is our final week and our total stands at £785.9l. We have no doubt that you, our readers, will clear our target in time. The enormous support given to all three Right-to-Work marches, now on the road, shows : inside the the feeling working class for a fight to defeat this Tory government. Workers Ptess, we know, has all your support. Let's therefore try this week to raise a record for February's Fund. amount Press ahead as much as possible im- and all donations post mediately to: Workers Press February Appeal Fund 186a Clapham High St, London, SW4 7UG.

LATE NEWS

NEWS DESK

01-720 2000

CIRCULATION

01-622 7029 day February 22, 1972

BY AN INDUSTRIAL CORRESPONDEN

IN A COMMONS debate on terday, Tory Minister John 1 government circles would short to limit picketing. He said it would be 'about four weeks' before the power situation returned to normal.

Replying to Stephen Hastings (C. Mid Beds), Davies said the picketing during the strike had revealed a poten- tial for interference with the life of the nation which few people had anticipated'. Steps to provide some pro tection for the "community" would have against such action to be considered', Davies con- tinued, 'but it is not a matter for me' Employment Secretary Robert Carr told a crowded House: It is essential that the country as whole and all those a con- cerned with pay negotiations should accept that the level of the coal-mining settlement is due to which reasons are exceptional and do not apply to industry generally.' Carr stressed that the Tory government intended to main- tain its opposition to wage increases: 'It will continue to be the basis of the government's firm policy... to ensure con- moderation in tinued wage settlements' miners' The result of the ballot is expected by Friday.

In ablatant attempt to influence the outcome of the ballot, Harold Lever, Labour's spokesman on fuel and power, joined Carr in expressing 'Labour's hopes' that the • settle- ment recommended their

BUKOVSKY'S

APPEAL

TODAY

AN APPEAL

by Vladimir Bukovsky, Soviet young oppositionist sentenced in Moscow last month to a total of 12 years' jail, labour camp and exile, will be heard before the Russian Federation Supreme Court today, according to his friends in Moscow. Bukovsky (29) was given the maximum possible sentence by a Moscow for court so-called 'anti-Soviet agitation and propa- ganda'. His trial was held in semi-secrecy. His chief 'crime' in the eyes of the Stalinist bureaucracy was that he championed the cause of the political opponents of the regime held incommunicado in 'mental hospitals'

KGB

while perfectly sane, in order to make them conform.

WEATHER

EASTERN parts of Britain will be cloudy with a little light rain, drizzle or sleet and fog patches over high ground. Western parts of Britain will be mainly dry, with a few bright intervals, but perhaps a little rain at times over NW Scotland.

It will be generally rather cold. Outlook for Wednesday and Thursday: Mainly dry. Some drizzle at times in E England.

Rather cold in most places.

Printed by Plough Press Ltd.

S High, Street, London,

SPONDENT

bate on the miners' strike yes- John Davies hinted that top ild shortly be considering action from coal alleged ARTHUR LEWIS, Labour MP for West Ham N, alleged in parliament yesterday that there have been cases of pronteering supply where miners in coal coal supplies in had allowed cases of urgent need. Tory John Davies claimed that of profiteering had no cases been brought to his notice, but that he would look into any that were. leaders would be accepted by the miners. There 'surprised were. gasps from both sides of the House' when Tom Swain (Labour, Derbyshire NE) alleged that the miners' settlement was 'the first time in history that a fair deal has been given to workers in the public : sector by any gov- ernment. THE BRITISH army acted i derry on January 30 when 13 down, many of them shot in th • Mr Brian Gibbens, counsel for th the Widgery tribunal in Coleraine y used 'minimum force'. The soldiers did not fire indiscri they carrying out 'a policy of murd The Lord Chief Justice, Mr Justice Widgery, was hearing the opening submissions into the events of Bloody Sunday which is being boycotted by Ireland Civil Rights the N Association and the relatives of the murdered men. Counsel to the tribunal, Mr John Stocker, said it was the intention of the court to inquire into the orders and instructions given to the soldiers and to the circumstances that led to the deaths. He went on: 'It is not for the tribunal to accuse any person or any organization, or indeed to whitewash anyone or any organization' He said the army had been criticized on three counts: They had fired at random into the streets that were crowded with people. • They had fired at unarmed civilians. • The operation launched by the military, by its very nature, was likely to lead to deaths.

In reply the army contended they came under fire first and when they did fire they only aimed at what they believed were gunmen or bombers, Mr Stocker said. As Mr Stocker spoke, Mr Widgery Justice examined wooden scale model of the Bog- side laid out before him.

When he addressed the court "out- Mr Gibbens described as rageous' allegations that General Commander of Land Ford, Forces in Ulster, had set in operation a plan to wipe out the

JOHN DAVIES

ROBERT CARR

acted 'responsibly' in London- vhen 13 civilians were gunned rot in the back. sel for the Ministry of Defence, told leraine yesterday that the army had • indiscriminately, he said, nor were of murder. Mr IRA without consideration of the marchers. He said that since accusations had been made against the First Regiment, Battalion, Parachute it was significant that of the 328 men who were in officers and action, only 21 fired any bullets at all. *Eighteen hundred regular troops were employed of whom only 28 fired any shots and of them 14 fired no more than two shots, Mr Gibbens said. When the tribunal adjourned late yesterday Widgery left the building : under an armed troop escort. He then flew by heli- copter to a secret destination.

The inquiry resumes today.

LORD George-Brown, a Minister at the Board of Trade and Foreign Minister during the last Labour government and former deputy Labour Party leader, sug- gests a new wages council, formed of trade unionists, which would deal with 'damagingly high pay claims'. He says the government, together with the National Economic Development Council, should decide each year the percentage the national wages bill should be allowed to climb.

unionists' The trade wages council-to be called the National Council for Regulating Differential Wages-would then recommend to parliament how differentials should be changed within that annual wages bill.

A MASS trial of 227 left-wing Turkish opponents of the military dictatorship opened at a martial law court in Ankara yesterday with a flurry of courtroom protests in which guards used trun- cheons to silence two of the accused. military is The prosecutor expected to ask for the death penalty for 13 of the defendants and sentences ranging from six months' to 15 years' jail for the others. The protests broke out in the courtroom, a converted barracks in an army garrison, when the army general presiding as judge asked if the competence of the court was acceptea. Several of the accused leapt feet shouting Erim their to fascist' in reference to Prime Erim. Minister They Nihat shouted at the judge flanked by two other military officers: 'You Troops on guard in the court- room moved in with truncheons to restore order others while with sub-machine armed guns stood by. The judge ordered a 45-minute adjournment after order was restored. The chief defendants are charged with leading Dev-Genc (Revolutionary Youth), a military left-wing student organization banned after martial law was declared 11 months ago. The charge carrying the death sentence alleges attempts to overthrow the constitution by force and to set up a communist regime. Other defendants include teachers and trade unionists charged with aiding the students.

These include Professor Muammer Aksoy, former head of the school journalism at Ankara University and Mrs Naciye Oncul, former head of an Ankara Teachers' Training school. SEVERAL hundred policemen staged a noisy demonstration in front of the Provincial governor's house Pakistan, yesterday to back demands for more pay and other benefits.

They beat up graphers and smashed windotos press court-house of the district before going on to attack a local technical college. The Inspector- General of Police, Muzaffar Khan Bangash, was forced to join the demonstrators. In defiance of service rules, the police have formed a union for which they are demanding immediate recog- government nition. The provincial is governor holding urgent consultations with security the central Pakistan authority.

INDONESIA

IN TALKS

ON EEC

COMMON Market commissioner Ralf Dahrendorf had talks in Djakarta yesterday on the im- plications of British entry into with EEC for trade Indonesia. The military Indonesian dictatorship is seeking a special relationship with the Common Market. Since the military coup d'etat against nationalist leader Sukarno eight years ago, the Indonesian regime has cemented extremely close ties with European and American big business. Foreign investment in Indonesian industry is extremely high. Dahrendorf's talks with the regime's functionaries are aimed at cementing even closer relations with European imperialism.