Workers Press no. 71

YOUR WAGES WILL

BUY LESS IN 1970

• PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURD

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER

UNEMPLOYMENT and rising prices are rapidly emerging as the major threat facing the working class in 1970. British capitalism's drive into the Common Market. currency decimalization and —above all-the tendeney towards recession in the United States are now milling sharper and edge sharper leaders' basic attack living standards. enking' ctatement that there is to be rolayation the economic squeeze merely an added abrasive.

THE ECONOMIC squeeze is to continue, despite the *Wholecale nrices of many. relaxation of the overseas travel allowance.

factures deplares the neutra crone of this sessmen have economic assessment, From our own correspondent This hard line -with appreciably threat higher "nemnloy- result of the London as further investment and *nic hac containuter newse Chancellor rise the prices continued index and the rise hae kapr accentuated by increases tha with Chancellor balance indirect tax-rates aimed at paste 1970 to meet short- consumers' Cuto 119 and the strengthening term sent rena menis banker. the threatening Gown-Lurn with the Faced growing word trade payments. thied Stares. recessic threat Scionins bank and Pahlic shending lending are to continue under other worde nrices it clear there can be no let-up control and thare ic hava hapt be no let-up in the restric- up be the lab The present Covement farpar austerity drive overseas capital in- leaders of the international bankers. Share prices fell sharply in vestment. Unemployment, meanwhile, has heen equally denneratein manner around the halt. - with the tact mark. tact agreement the "lefts'-and is steadily rising.

The fate of inst two com- modities- and •hread... will serve to lustrate thic

COAL

On the Coal lanuary Board the thot INADEQUATE strike plans announced yesterday by approved for itc the National Union of Teachers pose the central per cent increase the question facing teachers very sharply: the struggle for price industrial and carbonization coals. the full £135-a-year claim necessarily involves a head-on Thic followad aSco ton in.

collision with the Labour government.

crease imposed at the begin. ning of October last year.

The NUT By our education isto stage correspondent another round of two-week

BREAD

strikes. starting on Monday, dragged into the action by It is almost portain that the involving nearly 5,000 mem- rank-and-file determination.

Prices Board will also approve bers in 360 schools. that the the This is a small increase head-on manufac- tho when government cannot be post. turers towards the end ast months combatene much longer, December. 4 000 memiers struck Doned while the at 250 schools. drag out 1200 formula under Fortnight-long looking tor nine years and Arance February on z anathe which to cell out last year's already. follarre round of standard ande las of 2d small strikes beginning on January and are the ving phases Association planning area to begin in Wales in a week's the side gress plans sedingt manufactured goods prices for oc on the home marreth. pronomic crisis followed a similar pattern that for hasic materials •and Spending Scottish socialist tues its assessment states The £27 million cost of the *thar monthe followina Moronation management's latest offer a by a more gentle up all but follower more dentia Friday's Workers Press tomahare toroc in 190 and at there meras million tha narasca will carry the first of two current schools spending tar articles by Bob Seaton between and 1970-19711 on the Scottish socialist Outstripped look at the claim John McLean fran direction on the (1879-1923). Since the part McLean's 1918 Hich government's ans repaymen mant rame to nthra in Court speech against the according to a recent 'Finan strategy retail niel actimoto wage rise first imperialist war has norm. 18.83 y prices have risen But Wilde troves the tr this recently been per cent there republished, with an 150, the in rae m mid canapecion to tha introduction by the teachers. of Several contions revisionist Bob Purdie. postmen. outstripped rise of the International civil servants and local gov- weekly wage-rates workers-are press- Marxist Group. In the second part of government's own figures breach in- his study, which will neares policy dyke ree are on the s on the appear in Saturday's will stand up to Workers Press. Cord Fine: mere generated by Rah Canton vanliec in DreSSITE selective strikes detail to Purdie's anti- Nonsense Maurict actimotionn view yesterday com McLean's role. the -. official's netition in One union com- Make sure of your itself cufficient to see that advantage is not taken of the copies by placing a *You soread a little on t decimal, conversion tables goes a long way'-is danger- regular order with our have been Thare ctato ous n remind. aroration donartment. mante Tandino reminds relace the that Phone 720-2000.

• PAGE FOUR COL. 2 →

leaders were The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1970

TO SATURDAY •

STOP WILSON'S WASHINGTON VISIT

FOUR DAYS TO GO

Young Socialists' London before the demonstration against Wilson's visit to Washington.

Pull out your trade union branco and lactor banners, book your coaches and sign up for seats now!

shop stewaras from three Josepn Lucas cal com- ponents factories have shown the way.

Mersevside Lucas area shoo stewaros com

FRENCH ARMS FOR LIBIA:

mittee has passed a resolu tion supporting the demon-

BRITISH-LEYLAND

and delegating six

BY DAVID MAUDE

French foreign minister Schumann. rocking il branches, in- The Libyan military governe "He unawares y esolutio deal with even more French-built vicious attack. tune to Israel. Nominent CP members! against Aan, the fourth man to walk CP's role the fourth man to wall grounded and forbidden to fly AEF line *The mover of the resolu- ENGINE sub-assembly workers on the Maxi and Morris Oxford lines at Morris Motors, Oxford, were back at work yesterday after winning a long drawn-out dispute over piece- oh presend best work prices.

BUREAU PROFUSI

UP: stac with By our Industrial correspondent world's rupted by continuati inter- Alter a national omicials. Leyland conceded paymen was 65 per cent the men's demands. up on the previous year. No retreat suge ted at that time took hat everyone from 50 p.c. "The claim for turned Wilson's visit to mashington effort of abest 75 percent. " seamen WORKERS at Plessey's Edge Lane, Liverpool, position tactory met today to alscuss turner accion In

LEADERS

Cut by half their fight for payment after being sent home During the chairma se work atonal award and last week. ms of the Natal Mame- ror at the atrocities in Viet A one-day token strike Board. allowance Is night-shift Vicious attacks on those took place at tae lactory The increase demanded was moden not sent vela in vesterdav because or the nobiliz fight visit pore a between 5s management's retusal to Wilson's hoThis they deducted for an pay some groups of wor- and 74 per cent. almost unprecedented 23 con- home Vetter alls atter to the departmen to mored complaining the murdered ya his, warm. ficialy told to co home be senio mamas ent thet be misisto, c The 50 per cent p Decem- e or the principles December at wheta we en would this volved. ten, and yet bothers walke day,

ATUA-YS

the derst in the on. face of 1966 retreat in

PUBLIC MEETINGS

the employers had • he take. Week's talks on 48,307 Stop to get away • Wilson's to Boyle's 75,680. After Fore wareh visit to *bed the election as increase Washington dishonest cant 1 still get E20 senior manage- terence. hit tory of the American he victory t tone see ards registered 100

CASTLEFORD

Paoo er Stubbs and e Thursday January 8, 6 p.m.

R. Stubbs Ship Inn

DANCE IN THE EVENING

DEMONSTRATION

KEEP LEFT. WEEKEND RALLY

• Stop Wilson's visit to Washington East India Hall 8 p.m.11 p.m. Saturday and Sunday, January 10 and Il The Element of Truth The Crescendos For the defeat of US imperialism in Vietnam Sunday, January 11, 1970 Special Long John ASSEMBLE: Speakers' Corner (Marble Arch), Baldry 2 P.M. appearance

KEEP LEFT INVITES ALL ITS READERS TO THE

MARCH:

via Oxford Street, Regent Street, Trafalgar Square past Downing Street.

ANNUAL GENERAL

MEETING: 4 PM

MEETING

Lyceum Ballroom,

FILM MAKING AND THE

near Aldwych

YOUNG SOCIALISIS

Saturday, January 10 2.30 p.m. sorte anord calle East India Hall, East India Dock Road London, E.14 Alan Thornett (right) Sunday January 11, 9.30 a.m.

Details from 186a Clapham High Street, London, S.W.4

CLASSIC CINEMA, POND STREET

Tickets for the whole weekend 12s 6d

HAMPSTEAD, LONDON, N.W.3

Young Socialist National Speaking Contest

YOUR WAGES WILL stewards support

BUY LESS IN 1970

PUBLISHED FROM TUESDAY TO SATURI

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER •

UNEMPLOYMENT and rising prices are rapidly emerging as the major threat facing the working class in 1970. British capitalism's drive Common Market, into the currency decimalization and all-the towards recession tendency in the United States are now milling sharper and sharper edge Labour attack senders DasIC living standards. Jenkins' that there to relaxanon the econonic scueeze mere an adver 'Wholesale prices manu-

THE ECONOMIC

is to continue, despite the squeeze the relaxation of the overseas travel allowance.

factures' deciares neulial prose or Inis monta s ireasury hard with its From our own correspondent economic assessment. nave risen threat higher unenDioy- London as a result of the "This has contributed ment, further investment ano the social service cut-backs, the and use retal onces says he on wares- chancellor the index and rise Deer million aiming emer Chancellor accentuated the increases Roy in direct tax-rates 21mer latest number of 'The moderating consumers' expen- debt diture the interests strengthening the balance unreatening down lull. Faced with the growing payments. tried States, bank spending and Pube Jenkins other lending are to continue unce words Drices no let-up it clear there can be there 1s nave been de berate y the government no restric- Dresent let-up in the forced i The about austerity drive. tions overseas capital in- interests the the international bankers. Share prices fell sharply in Unemployment, meanwhile, has been equally denperate y maintaned around the halt- million mark. tacit agreement the lefts'--and is steadily rising.

The fate of iust two com.

mocities coa and bread will serve to illustrate this

COAL

Coal Gn l

ANTANY

the the annanced Roardi that INADEQUATE strike plans announced yesterday by Prices and Incomes Board had request for National Union central the pose ot leachers the the question facing teachers very sharply: the struggle for industrial and carbonization coals. the full £135-a-year claim necessarily involves a head-on This followed a 5s-a-ton in- collision with the Labour government.

crease imposed begin. ning of October last year. The NUT By our education is to

CTAGE

another round of two-week

BREAD

strikes, starting on Monday, action by rank-and-file determination.

It is almost certain that the involving nearlv 5.000 mem.

Prices Board will also bers in 360 schools. the Id increase in bread unet role. nOW with the asked here-on

CORESTON

last month's the camnaan when government cannot 4,000 members struck

NITT

much gonger. December. drag while at 250 schools. out the nont Fortnight-long strikes looking for a formula under This will he the lth area nine February which to sell out. selective approved nadases on on January strikes beginning and phases standard Stiall are tre TollOWInk Joaves announce ve k the general. Treasurv The National 5 per admits to cent Schoolmasters a sc crease in hasic materials and planning 14-day hrenstrikes uel prices between Decembe to begin in Wales in a week's timonsider these plans against "he indor wholacale prices for manufactured goods background sold on the home market has economic crisis. ollowed a similar pattern that for basil Spending Scottish socialist fuels', there 8 devaluation, The £27 million cost of the following rollabed management' 500 gentle up Friday's Workers Press mOre three-quarters ọi1968 increase will carry the first of two • and a faster increase current schools spend 1970 articles by Bob Seaton retrea between Scottish socialist and 1970-1971! on the Outstripped the claim John McLean inor from another direction: (1879-1923). Since Labour in 1954, An integral part lot the McLean's 1918 High ment came to government's loans repayment acco dimeso a recent "Finan- the 47 per Court speech against the be erased estimate wage retal first imperialist war has knows that this grocery prices have risen would recently been. if there 18.8› per cent republished, with an the In fact, the and midd was any concession between mid-1968 mid- teachers introduction by the Several other sections 1969, the revisionist Bob Purdie, prices rise nuhlic emn oveer postmen. outstrinned the of the International and local civil servants gov- wage-rater ernment Marxist Groun per workers-are nress. cent-according to the wage claims and would In the second part of government's own figures. hrough any breach further massive in- his study, which will Now made by creases are on the way...se- appear in Saturday's ut the incomes policy dyke working-class will stand Workers Press, generated bey up short, Bob Seaton replies in Dressurt selective strikes. detail to Purdie's anti- Marvist estimation of Nonsense McLean's role. One official's coin. Make sure of your ment on teachers militaney- copies by placing a You spread a ittle andi regular order with our ned and c caner ous nonsense circulation department. leading ments traders'. reminds us That the that Phone 720-20:00.

• PAGE FOUR COL. 2 →

"leaders' wert The daily organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Labour League

NUMBER 71 • WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1970

STOP WILSON'S WASHINGTON VISIT

Lucas shop YS demonstration GO before

DAYS

TO Young Socialists London the

FOUK

demonstration against Wilson's visit to Washington.

factory Pull out your trade union and Dranci banners, book your coaches and sign up for seats now!

Briefly Shop stewards from three Joseph Lucas car com- ponents lactories have shown the way. Merseyside The shop stewards area aretes has passed a reconn- arms deal French

BRITISH-LEYLAND

Yester amba delegating six

MY DAVID MAUDE

sualon Schariver Schumann French foreign stewards to arena members no meanbees, Piece-workers mediate sia lion American and actise bases or signin the King He said,take es by ofts of this new Freoch Defeated solutions peti Uresumably win Maxi- thenilar Te se day French-built of gunboats to Israel. • US miners' prominenter me line dispute

ASTRONAUT GROUNDED:

1, has leader workers on the Maxi ENGINE sub-assembly and Morris Oxford lines at Morris Motors, murdered released later. Oxford, were back at work yesterday after rcason Illay winning a long-drawn-out dispute over piece- that nis work prices.

BUREAU

PROFITS

was 51965 Sa with By our industrial correspondent After 'officials, chattin British rupted by on sheri ater. the are once Com t50,000. This Leyland conceded payment Plessey workers mell s aellanus waca were lormulalca soul alter tne Maxi was inuc capitalist" Internation No retreat duced ast spring fight for Sost everyone from 50 p.c. cord agree 'cold' pay claim for mashi to effort of about 75 per cent. " seamen WORKERS at Plessey's Edge Lane, Liverpool, factory met today to discuss further action in santa increase in thiet their fight for payment after being sent home broke nationute, last week. ments by erie National Marie one-day token strike nied • octor Tered candidate dee returns too increase demanded was because departow and mount ballot 1 United retusal kay sent home worr t per red between they deducted ca linionists he recedente sell •Five departmen to moved Glasgow nooned aim complalning about neatine. e instruction be sere management Beat Branch of the A becade or he oranges on would be scribed Wilson's their fore ort of many militant

ATUA-YS

sier leadership in the uning.

No more action

PUBLIC MEETINGS

Stewards Despite 2. 93,07 vote. Week's talks employers Stop Wilson's anery Would mean

FET

o Boyle's 79,680 tions of shop-floor visit to reduce Washington senior While ment. tively available. settle must porters registered 100

CASTLEFORD

vone of the emplos machine sure previously Thursday January 8, 6 p.m.

Ship Inn piece-work.

DANCE IN THE EVENING

DEMONSTRATION

KEEP LEFT. WEEKEND RALLY

• Stop Wilson's visit to Washington East India Hall 8 p.m.-11 p.m. Saturday and Sunday, January 10 and 11 The Element of Truth The Crescendos • For the defeat of US imperialism in Vietnam ecolour pales and wil 1970 marks thing at • circulation st youth paper in Sunday, January 11, 1970 Special -ong John ASSEMBLE: Speakers' Corner (Marble Arch), Baldry 2 P.M. appearance

MARCH:

via Oxford Street, Regent Street, Trafalgar Square past Downing Street.

ANNUAL GENERAL

MEETING: 4 PM

MEETING

FILM MAKING AND THE

Lyceum Ballroom, near Aldwych

YOUNG SOCIALISTS

Saturday, January 10 2.30 p.m. beakers wri inclue ding Oxford a East India Hall, East India Dock Road T&GWU shop London, E.14 Alaa Thornett (right) Sunday January 11, 9.30 a.m.

Details from 186a Clapham High Street London, S.W.4

CLASSIC CINEMA,

POND STREET

Tickets for the whole weekend 12s 6d

HAMPSTEAD, LONDON, N.W.3

Young Socialist National Speaking Contest

PAGE TWO

BRITAIN'S four million workers are clerical facing immense changes in office organization and working methods which are equally as drastic as anything being under- workers. The Labour government, having set out to impose productivity deals with asso- ciated rationalization and speed-up at factory level, now attempts to set the same methods to work on all clerical staffs. At the same time the cap- italist press digs up examples of so-called time-wasting by clerks, typists and secretaries in an effort to whip up a campaign in support of the government's proposals. Following this, insurance, banking, finance and manufac- turing houses hire the office equivalents of work-study con- sultants to link up automated computers, office equipment, re-organization, and time-and- motion methods in an all-out the numbers of attack on clerical workers required.

The basic aim of these con- sultants is to put office work onto an industrial production- line basis. Tremendous upheavals of life, working and outlook follow.

The acceptance of staggered hours, shift-work, and week- end working is demanded. Already, with modern office members methods many lower management and some sections of clerical staffs who previously regarded themselves as 'middle class'—perhaps be- cause of their separation from industrial labour their or closer association with higher management — rapidly take a different view when faced with a tight working-time schedule and a machine line hardly less of complex than that the modern factory workshop. It soon becomes clear that their existence depends en- tirely on their ability to labour and not on any friendly re- with this or that lationship employer. The key to these develop- ments is to be found in the Labour government's policy of economic crisis at solving the the workers' expense. The plan has been to give profits an enormous boost and cut labour costs through wage freeze, faster working, and a 'shake-out' of employees.

Selective employment tax was said to encourage employers of 'non-manual' workers to cut back on staff, who would find work instead in industry. This is simply a lie. A major aim of Measured- Day Work schemes in industry is to get more work from fewer workers and to lessen the shortage of skilled labour.

No plans exist to create more jobs for an influx of workers entirely different from an working sector. The Prices and Incomes Board, a body set up by the government to carry out its policies, recently made it quite clear that productivity bargain- ing should be used everywhere.

Report No. 123 (August 1969) states: • as much to It applies .. the public services, distribu- tion, banking and insurance as in the motor manufacturing or textile industries. And it clearly applies to all activities, manual and non-manual. The same report makes it clear exactly what sort of benefits the employer can expect : firms of consultants 'Most work- which implement measurement schemes for non- manual workers, quote to their prospective clients increases in productivity of around 20 to 25 per cent; that is, if the work load remains the same a reduc-

LEFT HAND

Picks up envelope Holds envelope Holds envelope Holds envelope Puts envelope into basket Opens out letter Idle 2 Total

WORKERS' PRESS

WIDESPREAD re-organization in offices could put thousands of clerks out of their jobs within a very short time, intensitying the work or the tow left. Today and tomorrow BERNARD FRANKS out- ines four main aspects of this attack-three of them today, with the final one and a conclusion tomorrow

EXAMIN

POSTAL DELIVERY

machines is taking place along

TROLLEY

Another v and M technique comment accounta.

ENTRANCE

it the side improvements in standard office With this a worker is himed . printing, out a particular oper. book-keeping is then exam- ation stenorrapni ined frame by frame and the made in the oper. ation are charted One of the lew industries t office equipment Reity stands as and 00 Distance Time in mins. registering to the nearest two muon a year thousandth of a minute. Work-study office 25ft. The cyclograph is also used 251t. though not very sometimes often, in office work. move unis is a recora or ments which is made simplification increased leading to reductions il use of hired This technique is sometimes "yupment used in packing and dispatch-

SORTING BOX

with postal sorren work. deparament. anc s on atte costs tion side. through a productivity desa (lne attempt

LIFT

Gestetner's ample The need for any convers ion or for one worker to vis another is cut out by ensurin 1.e. In the wage packet. that a continuous flow of with a desk and clerk will be or ration anation of me an employer convey or-belt regularity.

research chal- Comics continuing made form new methods lenged witn a view to eun are example, work process has to take place ation from the work proce (For inhoto. that graphic shown Forms re-designed image formatio Often the existing methods aims at photographing ans dictated have hail be or by the need to fe been existing reduction ol records It is a poor argument against in extra work. rationalization and speed the in chanes broadly fallin The changes now that it is phe following s buencie under a simplea systenn, -organization Wlagl all. management will get the pust Could b structed. to a 4 x o lnen saeel office. affairs the chaos item from this speed up various usiness machines. nding with more 3. Introduction of a computer.

to represent distances walked 4. The

COPIER

ot work-study during a part or the day

DESK

every job on a simple scale model o

STORE

the office the furniture is then minimi about in an attempt to four

ROOM

overlapping 01 Inese It aim is to simplify office and reduce the length of the string OCCUrS

DOOR

procedure into a producton on the diagran line flow. In many ways can be paralleled to car manı process later charts are made up hand and finger flect the arm, machines is already is use.

movements made by a worker However, consultants auring a given operation rational- caim rurter (or get the to and paosis will e

FILES

Iret

FILES

run of the firm to bring about zation ls always possibie wild ever the firms' existing level of he changes. At this early stage сшисису• saving that a clerk may at these measures in some that sne nas sumcien unle

PAPER

M department The 0 and • as wel someone eise s jou out to examine the exist-

STORE

DESK

as net uwu. ing office lay-out and working Rationalization For metnoas The s a kind of shorthand to Pinion of of me bernie dion be forste cle, of every in- timing of voice, requisition,

OPERA'NON

i Morting filing, writing,

INSPECTION

Although and quickly 'called up

ODD

An examination for witnour O D

RIGHT HAND

on a desk-view and/or difficulty initially bring about some vantages ing unit.) to tne worker: PIcks ui walking letter opene

TRANSPORT

To envelope Computers Inalcates the move materials or equip- long-term Slits open ment. ah coMPulEk is the mor the ster enmeshed 1ob-swallower

TEMPORARY

workers become the number of operations production-line Removes letter

STORAGE OR

allius de lls scupe unmaics alivo daily. Holds letter represents Automation waiting medicare "of working diagnosis, teaching competition

INTENSIFIED

shortage of clerical sta aids, racing calcula Places in tray has encouraged a massive driv tions, power station anc grid

PERMANENT

control, to invent and develop busines

STORAGE

machines of all kinds 1 bank any Involves microfilm ing and insurance materia withdrawn introduction from the work pro- filing, photocopying Some of the major advances cess unmi recunrea desk Calculalois, pull valu Wednesday, January 7, 1970 in computer development have Most computers in Britain made occurred as a result of the either by Inter- are United Ltd. States pro- national Computers space - a gramme, and from war research international 196, corsining International Computers guided-missile control, etc.). Tabulators with Plessey's and Just a few of the firms re- Electric's English computer cently announcing that they sections — or by International use of com- are turning to Business Machines. a big way are the uters in An American firm, IBM is Midland Bank. which aims ti branches of the biggest companies computerize its at the rate of 100 a month at a of any sort in the world.

total cost of f12 million; the Co-operative Permanent Build- Its recorded profits for 1968 £362 million from colossal sales figure of 02,860 were ing Society, ( which plans to process more than one million million. and investment mortgage ac- through an IBM 360; A third major undertaking counts eight of Britain's largest motor in the computer industry Vaux. Leasco Ltd., the American firm industry firms (Ford, Pose, Ron, Rootereroirestond which first introduced com- puter leasing — as opposed to Joseph Lucas, Ferodo jeneral Motors of Scotland) renting—in Britain and which has signed contracts signed contracts worth which have more than 40 million dollars worth £6 million to lease com- puters from Leasco Ltd. since operations commencing here in January 1968 carry out a variety of tasks in the industry. The cut-back in staff with the introduction of computers conse- could be staggering. way for n some cases, 100 per cer i conventional office worker could be replaced by a handfu hiring ser aces have inded with are i operator and data-process ordinary be made sortan made Present compete be he being number computers The second part of th Britain 4,000, used in at 500 5 will appear around article opposed to morrow's Workers Press. 1964 Two:

LEON

articles by Trade unions in the and syndicalism Available from New Pok Public 4. SCeds.

Clapham i High Street, London, SW4.

6d.

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B.B.C. 2

10.00 Europa: 11.00-11.20 a.m. Play School.

The propaganda battle be- 7:30 Riews and Mechines, and the China tween

USSR.

Naked 8.00 Man Alive: The Ego. 10.30 come tolt.. and Wel- Dick Van Dyke and Mary 9.10 come To Tyler Moore : 10.55 News and Weather. As themselves this time, 11.00 Line Up. reminiscing.

Wednesday, January 7, 1970 THE HISTORY of modern Greece is very much an international question. It cannot be understood apart from the role first of British, then of American imperialism. The full tragedy of that history cannot be appre- ciated either without re- ference to the crimes of Stalinism. Since Tsoucalas is unable to cover up for either of these interested parties, much of his book provides a useful and enlightening record. When it comes to inter- pretation and an alter- native policy he betrays the weakness of his own position. According to him Greece was : towards "political evolving social democracy and modernization' when the to it. colonels put a stop His own sympathy seems to go to the Papandreous, par- ticularly to Andreas. Although only a minority in a mainly peasant country, the Greek working class came on the scene as a decisive political force under largely Communist Party leadership after the First World War. This leadership faithfully fol- lowed Moscow through the "Third extravagances of the Period' and then into the Popular Front during the well known, the 1930s. Less effects of this policy in Greece the way for re- in opening action was no less disastrous than in France and Spain.

The invasion of Greece by Italy and then by the Nazis in 1940 once again brought the Com- key munist Party into a position. During the occupation, and especially after the downfall of Mussolini in 1943, it was able to establish its control over the greater part of the country through the EAM (National Front) Liberation and ELAS (People's Army of Liberation). All the evidence concords that an overwhelming majority of the people supported EAM.

EAM

policy a liberal- was patriotic one. As Tsoucalas puts it: The communists had imposed their leadership, but not their ideology.' Thus, after the destruction of partisan movement the peasants, who had lived under EAM rule for several years, returned to their pre-war passivity. Churchill's aim was to re- establish British influence in Greece after the war and the huge financial recover stake of British investors.

For this he was ready to make a bloodbath in Greece. True face who wants to see the Anyone true face of the British ruling and its greatest political class hero of this century should study the events in Greece in 1944 described in this book.

When British troops commanded by General Scobie landed in Greece they did so according a design which Churchill to had prepared well in advance and cleared with Stalin. His aim was to break the will of the Greek people by force and the discredited restore Greek bourgeoisie, the exiled government and the monarchy.

As a preliminary the left-wing rebellion in the Greek forces in Egypt smashed and was 20,000 dissident soldiers and sailors were imprisoned in the desert. In return for a free hand in the Soviet bureau- Balkans the cracy was ready to sell-out its faithful followers in the EAM- ELAS organization. When Churchill visited Stalin in October 1944, the deal was sealed on half a sheet of paper.

The wily Tory wardog pre- tended to be shocked: 'Might it not be thought rather senical, we suggested, ed if we had disposed of

WORKERS' PRESS

How Stalinism betrayed Greece

BY TOM KEMP

only able to THE PRESENT regime in Greece was come to power because of the long record of betrayals by the leadership of the Greek Communist Party. Con- Greek Tragedy', recently stantine Isoucalas's "The | ublished in a paperback edition (Penguin Special, 6s) ighlights some of the background to the coup Stalin's deal with Churchill in October 1944, con- cluded at a meeting in the Kremlin, fixed Greece firmly in the sphere of British and US imperialism. All thal ollowed in Greece was the result of that treacherous deal, right up to the present friendly relations that obtain between the Soviet bureaucracy and the leaders of the military regime in Athens. The tragedy of Greece will be the tragedy and defeat of the international work- ing class unless Stalinism is politically defeated. That is the lesson of this book.

Many points about the situatior Pole rea

EAM-ELAS

Tsoucalas seems suggest gaze oun here a local rebelion is t from Nevertheless reproach izvestiame " with the and theis gusting. con- 1944: Senorite the Gie con. Churchill realist between Zachariades, t as a counter power blown Thousands ries calas. ребрі the 1960s was the spy movie. The first Bond film re- leased was in a way an accident, successful or not for the reasons that the makers intended. They made it for real and the audiences laughed at its absurdity.

then There followed pro- gressively bigger extravaganzas of consumer vandalism. Bodies littered the screen, but the real focus of attention was on the gadgets, gleaming and ingenious. Bond everything reduced and everyone to expendable objects; men were merely part of mechanism, the brutal to the most women relegated crude forms of sexual ex- ploitation. If ever there was a baro- meter for paucity of imagin- ation and sheer vulgarity of taste, Bond was it. Conspicuous consumption substituted creative invention; sadism, sensitivity. The bud- the later films ran gets for into millions of dollars of mechanical waste, sufficient, it is worth noting in passing, when the British film industry runs into crisis and unemploy- ment looms up with the sea- son's greetings, to finance at least 20 low-budget films.

'HOMELY'

For those who liked their more homely, Michael spies Caine's Harry Palmer fitted the bill. He provided glamour with the humdrum, wheeling his basket through supermarkets, smoking his Gauloises, reluc- tantly filling in his expenses, ' falling foul of his superiors and putting a bullet through his adversary. There was a certain even- ness about his adventures; he pursued death, sex and shop- ping with the same, flat im- perturbability. They were not really Cold War thrillers; the politics was vague; sinister figures always were invariably preparing to constituted the take the world. But over progressive elite had ultimately western values imprisoned or triumphed. . The hecatomb can only We could rest assured that mpared with the sombre the world of machines, f the Spanish intelligent- opu- lence and glamourized violence Party, reek Communist would triumph in its own de- from its de- humanized way. all the more In the middle of this 'sophis- ent to Moscow and moved fascism, John le ticated' camp the warfare to Carré wrote a book called 'The which has Spy Who Came in from the its policy ever Cold'. of British imperial- lade it impossible for the which Churchill had set From 1949 the Department took over. 'commun- keep Greece in the 'Free l' and ensure a paramount capital in the appearances preserved, but even could be dispensed with, of dis- murmurs European capitals, of American ssness was not lost. was no real return to parlia- ıry democracy with all the I guarantees which would formation left-wing government. Union govern- to Pa andered Bt963 1963, elected displeasure. behind a facade arliamentary government, more than nor- of plots and ues in which the King, 'IA, the army and various cliques backed by played their ackground out of this background the working class held the Stalinists' y of left alliances, that the els' coup was hatched. esent regime rests on the state apparatus Christopher Jones in "The Looking Glass Wa up on the ruins of EAM- Frank R. Pierson based on the book by Joh 5 for which Stalinism was It was a compelling piece ci a coincidence of writing, the work of a crafts- est between American im- of and the wealthy man, but, more than that, and a creative intelligence as well.

bankers ship- rs who dominate Greek Technically, he handled the twists and turns of narrative alas shies away from a full of sis of the colonels' regime with the accomplishment grounds that there Graham Greene. His is para- nough serious information graphs reverberated with de- ake this possible. tail in this enclosed world of to draw the real lessons espionage. history he writes, ly points to the dictator- as a bad thing. His only

OUTRAGE

of seeming risk But above all was a sense of mistic, it must at present quivering outrage at waste, at forces which at hypocrisy and brutality, shape the future of Greece double-talk. the future is in the hands These public school civil working servants practiced murder with class, h is the decisive class in detachment of a the calm ce, made still more im- acted psychopath. They on the economic whims, to further ges of the past decade. caprices, positions in the their ed is to build in Greece a own hierarchy; to satisfy their own the Fourth Inter- fantasies. smash the to nist leadership whose past They were all involved in permitted the some costly game that held no orary victory of the most for, of, brief or respect ionary regime that Greece human life. By Brian I Sean Connery. They manipulated from their elegant Georgian clubs and houses or country homes. To uphold what? In the name of what? They spoke of values, of Empire, of the British way of life, yet they pursued their petty and anachronistic ends with a petulant violence.

Everything and everybody was expendable. Le Carrés books are the work of a humanist. But they smoulder with an outrage against an indifference to life.

And this is their main quality and impact.

DESPAIR

This book had popularity which one assumes derived from firstly curiosity-the lid was off the murky world of espionage with anobvious authenticity — but probably more important it reflected the uncertainty of the middle a sense of their own class, manipulation, of their en- closure by 'controls' over and above them, of their anxiety in a changing situation with differing balance of forces. ooking Glass War', a film directed by the book by John Le Carre.

They were reassured equally that the bureaucracies on the other side of the 'Iron Curtain' very different appeared not from the one they knew at home. They responded to the ten- sion and despiar that only humanism could offer them.

The world was a bastard and really ought to be better.

'The Spy Who Came in from the Cold' reflected very much a middle-class Britain coming to terms with a loss of Empire and facing the cold of the mechanized monopolies that were increasingly cutting the ground from under their feet. The book was made into a competent film, but no more than that. It lacked the accumulation of detail, deep despair and an- guish, and replaced it with an explicit theatricality. It hardly transcended the boundaries of melodrama or spoof. wow. i waits.

PAGE THREE

• Brian Moore War', a later book by le Carré, has been made into a film. By chance it was the first film I saw in the 1970s and what strikes one immediately is the sense that it belongs to some other era. The familiar themes are there. Two ageing civil ser- played by Ralph vants, Richardson and Paul Rogers, send a young Polish defector East across the German border to find out information about a supposedly new rocket.

They send him to recreate their own fantasies of Second World War action; back in combat, with simple war-time issues. Their madness has all the cold efficiency of their trade.

In sending the boy to his cer- tain death they carefully cover up their tracks. It is all irrelevant an charade, calculated anti-life, a game for personal prestige the gratification of old men. This is the message of the film. Yet there is a predict- ability about it, a lack of tension, a lack of energy.

The director has made a film that is instantly deja vu.

It is worthy. It attempts to consciously or not, recreate, some of the better filmic sit- uations of the last six years.

A lorry driven into the sea is a quote from Godard's 'Pierrot le Fou'; the boy run- ning down to the sea, a straight lift from Truffaut's "The Four Hundred Blows'; the surprised dog leaping out of a lorry, Hitchcock. But it is not only the tech- niques of the director that give the quality of a compen- dium piece of passé style.

The subject matter itself seems irrelevant because the world situation has changed. As the forces of imperial- ism in the west prepare to take on the working class, so do the bureaucracies of the communist countries prepare themelves to police their workers too. They come closer together.

France Czechoslovakia made that clear and the fur- behind-the-scenes deals ther reveal themselves weekly.

It is this changed situation that eludes the film. There is a competent anach- ronism about it. In contrast, the only living thing in it is the fascinating and vibrant performance of a young actor Christopher Jones, who plays the Pole. obvious; Comparisons are there is a striking resemblance James Dean, to the young Alain Delon and even Cybulski, yet Jones transcends a mere amalgam, or imitation. He speaks and moves with the confidence and frustration of a new generation of youth.

It is his dormant energy that is the real impact of the film and makes it worth seeing. He has both restraint, uncertainty, irony and suspicion. It is these qualities that he embodies that pose the ques- tion for the 1970s. Not as a force defeated by ageing imperialism, but as a revolutionary vanguard for the future. - TV arts programme 'Aquarius' cannot go without comment. It really did spotlight the utter bankruptcy of bourgeois ideas on art and culture.

Starting with an item on Christmas show • 'animals', , it pantomime continued the theme with a discussion on Jean-Luc Godard's new film 'British Sounds'. Watching a set in glorious not having Technicolor and seen the film, it was rather like 'Alice in something out of Wonderland', a sort of glass case of squawking parrots, air- ing their nonsenses, with all the solemnity that only fools have. Everything was reduced to a smiling, nervous banality; a of 'everything's rather sort interesting, isn't it?', draining at the same time any weight or import out of their subject.

I got the feeling that they'd given up. They don't even care any more about their own culture. The only real thing in it was the two carworkers who had the sense and dignity to leave the hall and the twittering reaction behind them.

PAGE FOUR

WORKERS PRES

POST

T.U.C. "GUIDELINES'

eve rigore dangerous than 'Build the revolutionary leadership' nevethe This happer Politicaly 1o0 here called hittery o the scord —say Northants stewards stewards "left' Sea derships. capiolate 10° will probably dear out place el ter * lettest The fact nely misleading state- the there has TUC "gul i democratic " Mere cloaki do so trade sense only has to examine been prepared dixons suat finally Make In this sense, they ar From the General and Municipal Workers' Union rule book.

reading the same pate % T.U.C. prepares imposed Rule 27.—Disputes the see antie over mediately report in same to agreements danger Sere he recite ta on the card —boilermaker scien would not be pos.

the shipyard welch t place. Theftart he unions today is by revo • TeadershiPeader- fights i must be Lose aking of pepsion out the Toot be mad Sam McLean, policy. Courtners Society stewards, Desborough. Which way for education in the 1970s? "TO PLAN a future in which an appreciable proportion of the population is at a low level of education is to plan a future in which there will be permanent unemployment? This is how the National An answer to the N.U.I. policy Union of teachers pamph• Seventies' Jet into the ment of the Labour govern- Introduces the new decade document 'Into the Seventies' And it is in this light that but proposes re Press Workers judge see they shouid are sulations. branch of education Revolubay analyst and circular abolished isi stry by the

BY MARK JENKINS

abolishe Labour government. omit nat all on classes committee. and Youth sad i section 3.

secondary primary or nembers reared Bankers They i utilitarianism and concession has a barbed only kinde 35,000 hall millio is thoro decision with inge al much toutorced to ke th Thoroughly shaken in be for teachers in education! teachers current salary claim struggle.

hardly started! hinged to empro semiskilled ain shorted in os I see and are have king Bankruptcy Pious reforming' government would use to cover its tracks. and the neal. Ills la. milet catnot and does not doc bent. bankruptcy pampl pan the cannot in does not Policy educatiom enta high-school diplo eachers are on strate against ine pampalet, the

OPPOSES

• governel. tch the pamper abounds. anitate tom outi me ducation" the Nationa

CALLS

comprehensive стран тори absence melection procedures. feelin doubt his resents the and The teachers will find tha the raisinto 16 b te o this county depends inadequate policy eptember 1972, but

WAGES WILL BUY

They must urat read ta Surely ne chor that i When Capitalism was e

LESS IN 1970

increases demanded: 1 nis

APPEARS

ehensive educa- lege scheme • Lion porarel Necessary aid, need to raise prices, ments' se in a cue to decimal as necessary for ahie indust oppose try controle coed

BEE

tinaust methods he full grants t As the of the foreh inte dustrial training' grant put it orking class tamılze B shouda da not be made cin education late education's crisis to tha pulsory. C addresses

TAL

the aut would the right to day-relea 'statements'. hi rome the ast of ie.

OPPOSE S

Let-out our des Sari a passa reads the S result in 'nothing CALLS for reform of the 16- groucause education fact Isiness the Pres, 186 Claphan Hish Siret, soyermene sie ma sid in separation Poned bhan seed, London; If the economics of Lor educ Brain and to hand ton Transport are such tha manpower". Precisely Wednesday, January 7, 1970

BY JOHN SPENCER

REPRESENTATIVES of the four Italian 'centre-left' parties met in Rome on Monday without reaching any agreement on the formation of a new parliamentary coalition.

The four-Christian Demo- Republican Party; crats; United Socialist Party (PSU); and Italian Socialist Partv (PS|-came together in an attempt to negotiate terms for a parliamentary coalition excluding the Com.

munist Party (PCI). The immediate obstacle to agreement is the PSI's vacil.

The PCI leadership has been THE RECENT publication of the new Soviet Ine Communist Party history, which contained alternalve coation. excluding favourable references to Stalin, has been re- and right Cristian -emacal issued following its recent sudden withdrawal.

wing. Some PSI sections share this view Only a few copies were available By a forelgn correspondent when the first edition was released in suggesting the current that anu concessions October. It had a picture and Sino-Soviet border talks WOrKerS larmers Wild of Lenin on the cover. the regional develon autonomous the first ment and controls on business The new edition has and replace it with the interests. plain grey cover with gilt This is the 'opening to the on which the PCI bases lett' its Outspoken First that the orosraume new edition differs in that its Czechoslovakia,

RULED OUT

the attacks the Chinese 'History' outspoken: slightly muted more The 'opening to the right'- al c

AULC

'The event. Czechoslo• coalition Christian- vakia also showed the method neo-fascists-- Or the subversive activities against socialist Imperials collarl meet d , their gambling statec Mosule responst TrOm

TOE

elements ruled class. out at nresent he exnerience otthe Tambroni government, which formed coalition and Leninist parties in soclausi wave and the overthrow socIely demonstrations, socialism 'History' also in the minds of the showe that the deadlock inside the Class left' Party leadership on the ques- to the opening tion of Stalin continues. would have the support of the Those (believed be malort or organized workers headed by secretary and peasants many larmers Brezhnev million and mast of the Communist Party members. have Yet clearly not had their way: pro- of 'structural self- example more Drovided wing than the declaration of the Parti onen DillIs. Road to Socialism'-is a clear the seriotis concedences of Stalin's cult of personality preparanon for detraval and serious innuential sections ot tne ruling class recognize this, anc ater purio, espisalle. the support the formation of such

CONFUSE

Typical comment Tied the This employers' connent. To Cal openly the era, ther counter-revole- Korusochev • a defence anc neativ nalancer nu bureaucratic machine Lunary prostallille Lne PULs built under Stalin's leadership: in such a coalition would TOlE At the same time the Part contuse the workers his niv hay. rebuff ti leaving them open to vicious achers have been taking action recently attacks. e the cult use p Stagni Chambers of Com- criticism of per- merce president, for ting in the Albert Hall. London.

the sonallly allacks dicated year-end socialist System ana Unt economic Communist Partv. The cult of on wages, with attacks facing Personally did not change the unions and all the gains there must either nature of the socialist svstem Capilalisin the social services wrested in and did not stop the progress- De runaway period of the ive movement of Soviet society unemo ovment post-war boom. towards capital could not be High ot Party's reversed.

NUT

Whereas the pro- PCI leaders share to the full gramme is a list of nious te. his perspective of managing main force that still with pres- Think capitalism prevents the bureaucracy from the 'L'Unitá back (December programme make an ODeD

LUTE

Landia corel, se of tall * torme. Stalin is the ( Labour expose economy, and build an alternative resor nosition. and above result working class, that holds it in Can check. onlv progres: not

TOT

mona encersal. workers. but These are the forces the whole In the months ahead more will write true history economy. and

NUT

members will Soviet communism and its more i need today ic to nice Stalinist enemies. supply to meet the increased embrace movement. this demand resulting from from ya to increase investment.

HEAVY BLOWS

But as the PCI leaders well know cannot increased without heavy binwe ance the Morting dace PCI programme of structural favoured by prepares the Against this background of parliamentar! manoeuvring ina une prevaraor or de de the travals. working cass continues to make gains in struggle urban transport struck for a sub- sub- stantially improved contract and a national policy to public transpor Metalworkers, workers, construction worKers labourers and agricultural have won considerab f gunsin wages. conditions and trade union rights. wort

WEATHER

i England, NW and Northern Central Midlands Mainly dry dry and wind light, Nods, wit variable

NOW

Cold or very cold. Maximum 2C (36F). Moderate ór severe Constrat Southern frost raith son periods lenda right. ull subar Two edition variable. osted dally wo days normal (For any veal £10 a yoar O R you selec Coast Cold elsewhere. Maximum £2 10s. for three £1 for three months Moderate frost at hirci months Channel sands OW Analand I would like to subscribe to Workers' Press for Dry with sunny periods. Wind light Maximum, S SE normal. Maximum (45F) with sunny Wind light periods. moder- variable. Cold. Maximum ate, Name Edinburgh and Scotland, Shower

GASCOW

area. Wind longer neriods of snow.

AMORARO

ing northerly later. Cold. Maximum 2C (36F). Outlook for Thursday and Friday: Milder weather spread- Praphem Can Street, Conna Kel: 01-720-2000) slowly from the Occasional snow in the north.