Workers Press no. 813

workers press

PRESS PLAY DOWN MAUDLING'S ROLE IN POULSON AFFAIR

TORIES OUT TO

SHELVE SCANDAL

THE TORY government is considering the appointment of a High Court judge to inquire into charges of 'financial corruption in public life' involving the construc tion and designing empire of Mr John Poul. son. The inquiry will have the same legal authority as those which investigated the Vehicle and General , insurance motor collapse and the Bloody Sun- day massacre in Derry. (The V&G tribunal exonerated the company directors and the Board of Trade, but blamed one civil servant for much of the mess. Lord Chief Justice Wid- who examined the 13 gery. deaths in Derry, exonerated the British army and blamed the demonstrators for marching.)

By giving the Poulson inquiry High Court status, the Tories will stifle all press comment. It will become sub judice to dis- cuss publicly any aspect of the affair. This is precisely what the Tories did in 1963 when they produced Lord Denning to inquire into the Profumo scandal.

But why is another judicial hearing necessary? Already a public examination of Poulson's business operation is underway in the bankruptcy court in Wakefield. This is a legal body which seems to be conducting its inquiry rigorously. The Tories think perhaps that it is going all too rigorously.

Facts have emerged that more than £330,000 in fees were paid by Poulson to various directors and helpers. These included the deputy prime minister and Home Secretary. Reginald Maudling, and three MPs. Maudling, who was either chairman or senior director of of Poulson's companies, three paid £22,000 on a deed of coven- ant to a theatre trust in lieu of his salary. The largest single payments were made to Mr T. Dan Smith, chairman of the Labour govern- ment's Northern Economic Devel- opment Council. Poulson says he over eight paid Smith £155,518 years as a 'consultant'. Asked in court what Smith did organization, Poulson for the replied: 'He never did anything.

George Pottinger, secretary of the Scottish agricultural depart- ment received £21,419. Pottinger was seconded to work with the property magnate, the late Sir Hugh Fraser, on the development of the £3m Aviemore winter sports centre. Poulson was consultant archi- tect to the Bovis contractors, Holdings. Head of Bovis is mil- lionaire Sir Keith Joseph, now Secretary of State for Health and Social Security. the cash pay- from Apart ments, Pottinger also received a Rover car. Asked about the

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • MONDAY JULY 10, 197

DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCI

which fell below the proper standard, all of must beware

BY ALEX MITCHELL

throve Telegraph" mud indiscriminately.' The is saying that the even whole Cabinet is fees' to Pottinger, *consultancy knee-deep in mud, it should not Poulson said: 'It was a gift be passed around! he had been a very good friend Although the Tory press care- of mine for years.' fully avoids it, Maudling's name These and other revelations in also closely associated with Wakefield provoked last week's another failed Inter- company, calls in parliament for an national Investors Group which The inquiry. Tories have moved managed offshore an property swiftly to control the spread of Real fund, Estate Fund of rumours which have The of this been America. founder sparked off. enterprise, Jerome D. Hoffman, If they go ahead and appoint is now serving two years in a a High Court inquiry, the New York jail. Tories will be caught in cleft stick. Hoffman, a financier with a Maudling will find it extremely business very unsavoury past, difficult Tory to stay in the obtained Maudling chairman as of his fund and Lord Brentford.

Cabinet if a judicial investigation probing. in session Joynson-icks, as diredors. Boin ex-Tory Crispin matters which affect his personal business life. these experiences-Poulson and Hoffman- His position will be untenable -indicate the state of Maudling's business acumen.

and he will have to resign- temporarily at least. They also reveal the of state Yesterday's capitalist the leadership of the Tory Party press revealed the extent which which is a composition of mer- they serve their masters. The chant bankers, real estate agents, Express' 'Sunday completely construction tycoons and unit ignored Maudling's the trust men. role: 'Sunday Times'

INSIGHT

team As the economic situation thought the whole episode was the plunges into crisis, reality business quite proper practice of some of these business asso- which had been exaggerated out ciations is revealed in the starkest of proportion by other journalists.

fashion. *Sunday Telegraph' Only the matched the gravity of the situ- Capitalism is bankrupt. It is in a lead editorial which determined to go on being bank- ation called for an immediate inquiry. rupt. The only force which can put an end to it is the working Why this sudden burst of public class led by the revolutionary spiritedness from the country's The Maudling issue most Tory paper? party. emphasizes once again the great *Even if it should ultimately strength be established that the present need to mobilize the has involved of the working class to make episode conduct

ALL TRADES UNIONS ALLIANCE

Great Russell Street, WC1 Y 10, 1972 • No 813 • 4p

E SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

4RDS

PORTAN BUILDING SOCIETY

AB YOuNC

WE DEMAND!

OUR

RIGHT TO WORK

The Young Socialists' regional Right-to western region with a march through B STRONG support was building up over the weekend in London and the Midlands for Wednes- day's lobby of the TUC economic committee. Called by the All Trades Unions Alliance, the purpose of the lobby is to stop the TUC leaders retreat before the Tories on pay and the Industrial Rela- tions Act. Its three slogans are *Break off all talks with Heath!' *Re- call the TUC! and Force the Tories to resign!' The TUC chiefs will be con- sidering a proposal from Tory Edward Heath for a premier joint working party to work out so-called voluntary alternatives to legislation. Eric Bogle, But as convenor of the locked-out engineering workers at Stanmore Engineer- ing, London, told Workers Press at the weekend: *There is no point in talks with Heath. The government has been trying to tie us hand and foot with its anti-union Act. The answer to any call for co-opera- unions tion by the must be a resounding no!' He expressed support for the lobby, and a group of workers will join the engineering con-

BROOK

ETREA

FORCE

R

THE

K

TORIES

y.S. says TO

RESIGN

OF al Right-to-Work campaign moved to the through Bristol last Saturday. See p. 12.

tingent outside Congress House at 9.30 a.m. on Wednesday when the lobby begins. The economic committee beings at 10 a.m.

*What we must tell the union leaders on Wednesday' , convenor Bogle said, 'is that it's their duty to find some answer to the Tories' attacks, and that the only possible solution is to get the Tories out. *The TUC must call action to remove them from office.' He No summed up succinctly: Tories means good living.

Engineering workers from the Midlands pay struggle will also be button-holing their leaders as they arrive for Wednesday's key meeting. Patrick Duffy, convenor of Benford's engineering factory at Warwick, said at the weekend he backed the aims of the lobby and would be working to get the biggest possible contingent there.

Workers at the factory have just had a six week strike, and Duffy said that after convenor that experience 'everyone's politi.

weren't cal-even those who before are against the Tories now. He went on: 'If workers were rallied together they could get the Tories out.

workers press

PRESS PLAY DOWN MAUDLING'S ROLE IN POULSON AFFAIR

TORIES OUT TO

SHELVE SCANDAL

THE TORY government is considering the appointment of a High Court judge to inquire into charges of 'financial corruption in public life' involving the construc- tion and designing empire of Mr John Poul- SOn. The inquiry will have the same legal authority as those which investigated the Vehicle and General motor day massacre in Derry. (The V&G tribunal exonerated the company directors and the " Board of Trade, but blamed one servant for much of the civil mess. Lord Chief Justice Wid- who examined the 13 British army and blamed the demonstrators for marching.)

By giving the Poulson inquiry High Court status, the Tories will stifle all press comment. It will become sub judice to dis- aspect of the cuss publicly any affair. This is precisely what the Tories did in 1963 when they produced Lord Denning to inquire into the Profumo scandal.

But why is another judicial hearing necessary? Already a public examination of Poulson's business operation is underway in the bankruptcy court in Wakefield. This is a legal body which be to conducting seems inquiry rigorously. The Tories think perhaps that it is going all too rigorously.

Facts have emerged that more than £330,000 in fees were paid by Poulson to various directors and helpers. These included the deputy prime minister and Home Secretary, Reginald Maudling, and three MPs. Maudling, who was either chairman . or senior director of of Poulson's companies, three paid £22,000 on a deed of coven- ant to a theatre trust in lieu of his salary. The largest w'ngle payments were made to Mr T. Dan Smith, chairman of the Labour govern- ment's Northern Economic Devel- opment Council. Poulson says he paid Smith £155,518 over eight years as a 'consultant'. Asked in court what Smith did the organization, Poulson for replied: 'He never did anything.'

George Pottinger, secretary of the Scottish agricultural depart- ment received £21,419. Pottinger was seconded to work with the property magnate, the late Sir Hugh Fraser, on the development of the £3m Aviemore winter sports centre. Poulson was consultant archi- tect to the contractors, Bovis Holdings. Head of Bovis is mil- lionaire Sir Keith Joseph, now Secretary of State for Health and Social Security. Apart from the cash pay- ments, Pottinger also received a Rover car. Asked about the

INCORPORATING THE NEWSLETTER • MONDAY JULY 10, 197:

DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCI

which fell below the proper standard, all beware must of

BY ALEX MITCHELL

throwing mud indiscriminately.' The "Telegraph' is saying that if the Cabinet even whole is fees' to Pottinger, 'consultancy knee-deep in mud, it should not Poulson said: 'It was a gift passed around! be good friend he had been a very Although the Tory press care- of mine for years.' fully avoids it, Maudling's name These and other revelations in also closely associated with 1S Wakefield provoked last week's failed another company, Inter- calls in parliament for national Investors Group which an The inquiry. Tories have moved managed an offshore property swiftly to control the spread of Real Fund™ fund, Estate of rumours which have been America. The founder this of sparked off. Jerome D. Hoffman, enterprise, If they go ahead and appoint is serving two years in New York jail. a High Court inquiry, the Tories will be caught in a cleft stick. Hoffman, a financier with Maudling will find it extremely very unsavoury business past, difficult Tory to stay the Maudling as obtained chairman Cabinet if a judicial investigation of his fund and Lord Brentford, is probing MP, Crispin in session matters ex-Tory and an which affect. his personal business Joynson-Hicks, as directors. Both these experiences- - Poulson and Hoffman-indicate the state of His position will be untenable Maudling's business acumen.

will have and he to resign temporarily at least. They of also reveal the state Yesterday's Tory capitalist press the leadership of the Party revealed the which extent to which a composition of mer- they serve their The chant bankers, real estate agents, Sunday Express' completely and unit tycoons construction ignored Maudling's role; the trust men. 'Sunday

INSIGHT

Times' team As the economic situation thought the whole episode was the plunges into crisis, reality business quite proper practice of some of these business asso- which had been exaggerated ciations is revealed in the starkest of proportie Sunday Telegrass, fashion. 'Sunday Telegraph' Capitalism is bankrupt. It matched the gravity of the situ- 1S in a lead editorial determined to go on being bank- ation which called for an rupt. The only force which immediate inquiry. can Why this sudden burst of public.

put an end to it is the working led by the spiritedness from the country's class revolutionary The paper? Maudling issue most party. emphasizes once again the great 'Even should ultimately to mobilize strength be established that the present need the involved of the working class to make conduct episode has

ALL TRADES UNIONS ALLIANCE

Great Russell Street, WC1 • 4p ! 10, 1972 No 813

E SOCIALIST LABOUR LEAGUE

MARDS

Mi

ROPTMAN SULDING SOCIETY

YCUNC

WE DEMAND

RiGHT TO WORK The Young Socialists' regional western region with a march through B STRONG support was building up over the weekend in London and the Midlands for Wednes- day's lobby of the TUC economic committee. Called by the All Trades Unions Alliance, the purpose of stop the TUC the lobby is to leaders' retreat before the Tories on pay and the Industrial Rela- tions Act. 'Break Its three slogans are Heath!' 'Re- off all talks with call the TUC! and 'Force the Tories to resign!' The TUC chiefs will be con- sidering a proposal from Tory premier Edward Heath for a joint working party to work out so-called voluntary alternatives to of the locked-out engineering workers at Stanmore Engineer- ing, London, told Workers Press at the weekend: no point in talks •There is with Heath. The government has been trying to tie us hand and foot with its anti-union Act. The answer to any call for co-opera- tion by the unions must be a resounding no!' He expressed support for the lobby, and a group of workers will join the engineering con-

BROOK

EGREA

R

FORCE

THE

K

TORIES

TO

RESIGN

| Right-to-Work campaign moved to the through Bristol last Saturday. See p. 12.

tingent outside Congress House at 9.30 a.m. on Wednesday when the lobby begins. The economic committee beings at 10 a.m.

'What we must tell the union leaders on Wednesday', convenor Bogle said, is that it's their duty find some answer to the Tories' attacks, and that the only possible solution is to get the Tories out. "The TUC must call action to remove them from office He succinctly: summed No up Tories means good living?

Engineering workers from the Midlands pay struggie will also be button-holing their leaders as they arrive for Wednesday's key meeting. Patrick Duffy, of convenor Benford's engineering factory at Warwick, said at the weekend he backed the aims of the lobby and would be working to get the biggest possible contingent there.

Workers at the factory have just had a six week strike, and Duffy said that after convenor that experience 'everyone's politi cal-even those who weren't before are against the Tories now. He went on: 'If workers were rallied together they could get the Tories out:'

PAGE 2 Workers Pross, Monday July 10, TODAY three haulage firms begin their House of Lords bid to overturn the Appeal Court judgement that the Transport General Workers' Union and is not responsible for container 'blacking' by its docks stewards.

Tomorrow, Midland Cold Stor- age, the London warehousing company which won a stop- biacking order from the in- dustrial court on Friday, will seek a similar order in the Chancery Court. Once again the employers are moving to legally strangle the dockers' fight for jobs. What is urgently required in this situation is political leadership.

To defend jobs, defeat the legal threat and remove the which is Tory government, organizing attacks, these a policy is required for the future of the industry. This is essential to unite the ports in action and win the support of the other sections of workers involved. But this kind of leadership and policy are just what is missing at present. Some hours before the Lords starts its hearing today, the London stewards are expected to step up their blacking cam- paign by picketing the London International Freight Terminal at Stratford. The stewards who jail escaped for picketing nearby Chobham Farm con- tainer depot, Bernie Steer and Vic Turner, say they will not be deterred by the court order at Midland. Yet simply to continue the black- PYOTR YAKIR, the Soviet historian whose condemna- tion of Stalinism has struck fear into the hearts of the bureaucracy may have to stand trial. Under arrest since June has appeared in the Soviet press, he may be charged under article 70 of the Soviet criminal code which covers anti-Soviet agita- tion and propaganda. Formal charges will not be lodged until the investigation is completed.

A group of his colleagues have at his detention protested and compared the case with that of Angela Davis. In a letter dated July 1, they call on the public prosecutor to grant bail and offer themselves as guarantors.

In support of Yakir they say: 'The public activities of Pyotr Yakir have been based solely on the concept of the de-Staliniza- tion of our society. 'Yakir's anti-Stalinism is organ- ically linked with his own past with his professional experiences, role as an historian and with his uncompromising stand in the face of social evil. 'Yakir's activities reflect his convictions and are totally dis- interested? The signatories of the letter belong to the Initiative Group of Human for the Defence Rights. THE LARGEST ever deal for the sale of grain to the Soviet Union has been announced by President Nixon. Nixon views the agreement as a big step forward in the im- provement of commercial rela- tions between the two countries.

'It builds on the accomplishments in summit meeting of the Moscow,' a White House spokes- man said. In the next three years $750m worth of American grain will be supplied under the export credit programme of the US Agricul- ture Department. The bureaucracy urgently of the needs grain because ay July 10, 1972 ing campaign in this context is only a very partial solution to the problem, and it con- tains within it a number of very serious dangers. The first of these is that the dockers will become isolated from other sections of workers.

We have already seen protests by T&GWU transport drivers against the picketing. T&GWU members at Chobham Farm took Steer and Turner to court. Now members of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers at Mid- land, and railwaymen at the Freightliner depot next door LIFT at Stratford are to seriously concerned about their jobs. The second danger is of splits between the ports themselves.

Already dockers in ports such as Felixstowe, which though relatively small are capable of high containerized a very throughput, feel themselves cut off from the struggle in the bigger What is centres. more, a division between the northern ports, who wanted strike action from July 25, and London and Southampton, was in evidence at the last meeting of the national stew- ards' committee in Birmingham.

They go on: 'We affirm that neither in his words nor in his has he ever shown any actions hostility to Soviet society or our system of government. 'On the contrary, Yakir's sole aim has been to help pro- mote the democratization of our society' Pyotr Yakir was imprisoned at the age of 14 together with his mother after his father, the brilliant Red Army general Ionas Yakir, had been shot on Stalin's orders at the same time as other members of the general staff. Pyotr grew up in labour camps and prisons and emerged with a burning hatred of the Stalinist bureaucracy. As a historian he close made a study of the crimes of Stalin. He called for the complete extirpation of Stal- inism from Soviet life. Constant persecution by, the police) has been KGB (secret unable to silence Yakir. He has denounced all the political repres- sions carried out by the bureau- cracy and spoken out strongly against the invasion of Czecho- slovakia in August 1968. A public trial of Yakir would no doubt require first of all that his will be broken. It is probable that he is being : subjected not only to constant interrogation but also to shock treatment with drugs. Another Soviet oppositionist, Valeri Chalidze, an associate of Academician Andrei Sakharov who formed the 'Human Rights agricultural crisis, aggravated by the damage to this year's winter wheat crop. For the US it pro- way of disposing of vides a unwanted produce which would otherwise clog the market.

GERMAN POLICE captured two more Klaus Juenschke and Irmgard Moeller were picked up in the They carried loaded pis- street. tols but there was no shooting. • See pp. 6 & 7 for special article on the group. The government and the em- ployers will seek to divide and rule here by preferential jobs- regards treatment as Southampton is an obvious target. It is in this light that the action of Communist Party members from London docks, in insist- ing that the national stewards' demand nationalization workers' under control be shelved, must be considered. Nationalization is the only way the jobs crisis in the ports can come anywhere near solution. Even if every container firm in the country caved in to the stewards, only about 500 jobs would be gained. The CPers' actions here fit in exactly with the requirements of the reformist T&GWU and Labour leaders. Since the Tory government came the T&GWU has to power, nothing to press done its official policy for ports nation- alization because it knows this would require : fight to re- move the Torie: from office.

So last week, when the Labour Party published the basis of its future election manifesto, it was able simply to regur- gitate its discredited old policy Yakir Committee', has been warned by

KGB

to end his political the activities. Saturday's 'Pravda', the Soviet Communist Party newspaper, carried an editorial which called for tighter ideological discipline.

Underlying it is the view that any kind of opposition is anti- Soviet activity and is promoted by western imperialists. This clearly intended to smear the Communist opposition which it fears most of all, connecting it with the nationalist and religious opposition currents which are influenced by capitalist propaganda. The British Communist Party's 'Morning. Star", which reported the measures taken against Soviet biologist Zhores Medveder to prevent him attending a scientific congress, must be asked to state its position on both cases. Gen- eral secretary John Gollan and his associates fully supported the Yakir's execution father: what do they propose to do to win the release of his son?

The deal will make its con- tribution to continued inflation in the US because it puts money of into the hands of farmers and dealers without a corresponding increase in the supply of goods.

THE NEW Japanese Prime Min- ister Kakuei Tanaka be may forced to call an early election owing to a factional split in the ruling party. Elections are not due before 1975. Tanaka has gone ahead with drafting the policy of his government which will have to deal with the economic depres- sion and the pressure for a yen revaluation. of nationalizing only 'import- ant' ports and functions.

Confusion on this issue in prac- tice amounts to a conspiracy to behead the dockers' struggle and confine it to militant against the Tory gestures PRESIDENT Zulfikar Ali Bhutto has invited the leader of the Bangla Desh National Awami Party, the 87-year- old Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani to visit Pak- istan. In a letter to the opposition leader he says: 'We want the best of relations with • East Pak- istan.' fully endorsed the Simla agreement Indira Gandhi, the Indian Prime Min- ister. It now has to be ratified by the Pakistan National Assembly. Troops were called in to Karachi to suppress violent street rival linguistic clashes between factions at the weekend. At least three people are dead and SiX in hospital with bullet wounds.

The Urdu-speaking section of city's which the population, includes many refugees from India,. bill to make oppose Sindhi the Legion's only official language. Bhutto appealed for an end to the strife.

CHINESE leaders are con- about the cerned weakening of American military strength relation to that of the Soviet Union. This is reported by two US Congressmen just back from ten-day visit to China. Hale Boggs, a Democrat, said Peking officials were verv interested in furthering the thaw begun dur- ing Nixon's visit. Gerald Ford, a Republican, said he believed the Chinese did not want the US to withdraw from the Pacific or from any "They other part of the world. believe our presence is important now and in the future,' he added.

withdrawal 'They believe that would create instability.'

who had The Congressmen, had talks with Chinese Foreign Minister Chou En-lai, reported by telephone to Nixon directly on their arrival. government. United action be- hind the demand for full nationalization without com- pensation and under workers' control by the next Labour government is the only way out of the legal jungle.

PRESIDENT

Nixon's chief foreign policy adviser, Dr Henry Kissinger, said at the weekend that the United States has some reason to believe North Vietnam is now ready to negotiate seriously to end the Vietnam war.. Speaking in San Clemente, California, Kissinger said the past few weeks had been a period of intense diplomatic activity in an effort to break the negotiating deadlock on Vietnam. The time was now long overdue for serious negotiations and systematic review of each side's position, he said. By 'serious' negotiations the US means that the North Viet- namese and the National Libera- tion Front must show a willing- ness to accept a compromise settlement. The US is returning to the Paris 'peace' talks from which it walked out more than two months ago on the assumption that atter intensive softening-up Moscow and Peking, the from Hanoi leaders are ready to modify their demands. Kissinger said the United was returning to the States negotiating table on the assump- tion serious negotiations were now possible and added: 'We have some reason to believe that they [the North Vietnamese] will approach these the same spirit, something like negotiations in He did not indicate whether the US government believed the Soviet Union and China were seeking to persuade Hanoi to accept a compromise settlement.

But he said it was 'conceivable' these two countries had informed the North Vietnamese of their discussions with the United States on how to end the war. Kissinger's remarks are a cynical evasion: both bureau- cracies have urgent reasons for forcing a rotten compromise on the Vietnamese liberation fighters.

Though there is yet no in- dication of what the North Vietnamese position will be when the talks resume this week, the treacherous shadow of Nixon's discussions with the secret Stalinist leaders hangs heavily over the negotiations.

Leeds clothing workers on strike in Febr If one industry has main- tained its 19th century reputation it is clothing- the land of the sweat- shops and wretched con- ditions. The 370,000 workers in the main are employed in tiny, dilapidated establishments the twilight areas of the cities.

It has always been the case that the firms would seek out the immigrant workers of the day to labour in their fac- tories. In the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries it was the Jewish immigrants from central Europe who maintained the industry in areas like the East End of London. been Today they have largely replaced by Pakistani, Bengali and West Indian work- ers. The clothing industry employs over three times as many women as men, 295,000 against just 79,000 male work- ers. On top of this the work- force is poorly organized. The National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers can only a membership of boast 110,000. Between them the unions clothing represent under half of the total work- force. All these conditions make the clothing industry still one of the most notorious as far as employment and conditions Leads clothing workers on strike in February 1970 for better pay and conditions

TWILIGHT WORLD

OF RAG TRADE

are concerned. There is no such thing as stability for of the many Trade liable workers. to 1S violent fluctuations seasonal which immediately lead to short-time or sackings. In 1970, according to the Survey', 'New Earnings the for national weekly wage all males over 21 engaged in full- time work was esti- manual gross. matea at ror females the figure was £12.90.

The same survey quoted the of pay for the clothing industry being as £18.20 for male workers and £12 gross for women just workers. The meagre wage rates laid down the various wages the industry councils in unchallenged by the largely unions. Nor is there much fight the put up against various violations of working regula- tions. Many workers are unaware ot their rights to the factory inspectorate with com- plaints. So many factories get away with operating illegally.

In April 1971, a small sur- conducted in South- vey was hall, Middlesex, to investigate about ow pay al local foundation garment factory. The results have just been published. The factory had 120 women -mostly Punjabis from workers- India and East Africa. Everyone Was brassiere-making or on one Moscow Trials Anthology Paperback, 622p

MAX SHACHTMAN:

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rainism in oritain Paperback £1.12}- -cloth £2

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186a Clapham High Street, London SW4 7UG. conditions other of three different types of machine-flat, zig-zag and special. Much of the work comes from contract work, tendered out by well-known chain stores. Of the 25 women inter- viewed, the highest paid earned £18 a week take-home pay; the lowest amount was a fantastic £5. The average pay worked out at £9.70 a week. • Most were on a piecework basis, but the rates were only agreed after the product had been turned out. Wages in the factory were at that time governed by the wages council for the corset trade regulation k68. Since none of those interviewed included learners or workers under 18 years old, their earnings were governed by the agreement's statutory remun- eration section, part 2 clause This stipulated the payment of a minimum of 27.08p per hour, or £11.10 gross a week, irrespective of being employed on a time rate or piecework basis. Earnings of those in the fac- tory for less than two years fell well below the statutory minimum, averaging about £8.45 take-home. If the survey proves one thing, it is that the tailoring and clothing shops have not They changed. remain the workshops of cheap and sweated labour.

BOOKS • PERI

GRADUATE

TO

THE DOLE

A growth in graduate unemployment which will leave 13 per cent of this year's graduates without jobs is anticipated figures published recently by the Department of Employment. This means that 10,000 of those degrees receiving after their final exams will still not have found a job by Christ- This does not include the mas. fact that many of last year's graduates will be in the same boat. No one apparently knows the total of post-graduate un- employment, which a few years ago was negligible. As the output of degree- holders winic year by year, firms customarily employ graduates are making big This cutbacks. includes scientists and technicians as well as arts graduates. Open- ings in teaching and public employment are also shrink- ing. The Department estimates that business will take 2 per cent fewer from the universi- țies and polytechnics and pub- lic services 3, per cent less than year. It estimates that JaNI 10,000 idle graduates

ICOIC

sent 'lost' investment of around f50m

EXPECTATIONS

Appointments Officers in the are harassed by universities demands from students who fear the dole queue as a grad- uation present. They have been warning university teachers to expecta- lower students' Their tions of the kind of jobs they are likely to get. At one time a science could walk into a good job with little diffi- graduates even aiLs could fall back on teaching.

PAPERBACKS ECENTRE

BOOKS • PERIODICALS • NEWSPAPERS

rs Press, Monday July 10, 1972 PAGE 3 These days are over. Stud- ents who once expected to get into the administrative branch of the civil service are now happy to get into the execu- tive branch. Teacher-training colleges and university departments of edu- cation are swamped with appli- cants who would otherwise have gone into other occupa- tions. Teaching posts are more anxiously sought after filled more selectively.

PROSPECTS

In higher education every vacant post now attracts shoals well-qualified applicants, of often with post-graduate quali- fications. At the same time, universities are expected to reduce staff recruitment by one-third while other sectors of higher education, including polytechnics, are not likely to increase their intake of gradu- ates this year. Job prospects for graduates have never been worse, cer- tainly since the war and per- haps including the 1930s when far fewer people had univer- sity degrees. Not only do many not have jobs at all, but a far larger number is forced to take jobs well below the pay and status that graduate holders are quali- fied for. The existence of a mass of unemployed, dissatisfied but highly-educated people, has always been recognized as an explosive factor. An aspect of •proletarianization of the middle class, which is speeded up by the crisis of capitalism, it carries the danger that these strata will be a recruiting ground for fascist movements if they are not attracted by firm revolutionary leadership to the working-class move- ment.

NOW OPEN

Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs 9 a.m.-6 p.m. Fri 9 a.m.-7.30 p.n1. Sat 9 a.m.-5 p.m.

PAGE & Workera Preas, Monday July 10, 1972

ARGENTINE

MINERS STAGE

HUNGER MARCH

BY IAN YEATS

The small Andean min- ing town of Malargue in western Argentina is all but snowbound. The sky is the moun- grey, tains stark. Last with week 15 degrees be- temperatures freezing straggling

TOW

column formed the 1n streets. Normally the men would be at wanese work in the Santa Cruz mine on which the town's 11,000 inhabitants are Last completely dependent. week it closed for good. The black lines of marchers moved off across the snow. Behind them, trucks were their wives and children, food and supplies. In front of them was a 250- mile provincial trek to capital of Mendoza to demand jobs and food. After about 40 miles the the town of column reached San Rafael. Meetings were When off held. they moved 1,000 more jobless fell in behind. Workers all along the route forward came with tood and supplies for the 'hunger march', 2,000-strong. now nearly Malargue Back in was 1t decided should be called to discuss the that mass rally situation. Three thousand people took to the streets. The local radio seized and IC- named 'Voice of the People'.

As news about une rally was broadcast thousands more left their homes and gathered for a meeting claimed as the big- gest in the region's history.

Workers stormed the town hall and the mayor promptly Other public build- resigned. ings were also brought under occupation and roads in and

GET NEARER TO

GOD, SAYS VICAR

BY TOM KEMP

The religious views of President Richard Nixon have come under scrutiny by from a clergyman Princeton University, the Rev Charles Henderson ... and found wanting. Nixon is wont to justify his most reactionary and sanguin- measures with an appeal al y to spiritual and moral values. To pull out of South Vietnam, he says, would be 'a renunci- ation of our morality'. His views on drugs, sex, law and order are all clothed in of moral and even all auld religious self-righteousness.

All this, says Henderson, is ine old Protestant Nixon represents old of ethic hard work (has he ever done any?), competitive individual effort of the and puritanism Billy Graham variety. But this *is religion of fading majority'. calls for Henderson some hotted-up religion more closely attuned to the vouth and able have a wider appeal. He to lay July 10, 1972 out of the town were blocked.

A people's government was set up and a General Strike call, obeyed down to the last man and boy, turned Malargue into a ghost town in the snow.

Back in Buenos Aires Pre- sident General Alejandro Lanusse sifted through reports of persistent rioting in a dozen Argentine cities. In Buenos Aires itself troops battled with student demon- strators struggling to reach the prison ship "Granaderos'. At La Plata, Cordoba, and almost every other major city in Argentina, martial law was clamped down after students and workers demonstrated in the streets and occupied col- lege buildings and factories.

President General Lanusse decided the people's govern- ment and the free eléctions Top right: Peron - running for Presidency. Above: General Lan- nuse brought in military control scheduled for Malargue had to be stopped and by mid-week the town too was under mili- tary control. Meanwhile the hunger march arrived in Mendoza with says: "The tragedy of Mr Nixon is not that of an evil man who has abandoned the public trust, but rather that of a moral whose man most cherished ideals are not com- mensurate with the realities of the time.' Rather should we say that Nixon's sanctimonious hypoc- risy represents one aspect of in decay capitalism while Henderson's call for "a new constellation of values' based on a broader morality repre- sents another. The declining force of the Nixon ideology actually reveals the moral bankruptcy of the class system which he repre- sents, dominated by a com- for petitive struggle Almighty Dollar. This god is now being shaken to its foundations, both by the break- down of the monetary system of which it was the centre and by the crisis at home. The old landmarks by which the ruling class of America traced its course being are torn up. Henderson's attempt to stake out new ones reflects the desperate crisis which it confronts. many of the miners and their families underfed and suffer- colds and ing trom cases of pneumonia. There they are awaiting the authorities' sponse. resend riots for a for- strikes and riots night and this week the coun- try's 300,000 teachers planning a pay strike. The Argentine economy is in steep crisis with mounting un- employment and mass poverty among workers and peasants.

the time nears military dictatorship to rule for the over to civilian their first time since 1955 the uffer- Peronist CGT (General Labour • few Confederation) is deeply split.

There is a wide rift between mped, the rank and file and the col- laborationist leadership. So- re- called left Peronists have been in the vanguard of the recent rn by fort- wave of riots. In restoring the 79-year-old coun- ex-dictator's rights in Argen- are tina-allowing him to run for › is in either he, or someone acting the presidency in the forth- g un- coming elections—the military verty regime may be hoping that ants. r the in his name, will be able to restore 'order' to wide sec- hana r the tions of the working class.

The latest information bulletin published by the Greek govern- ment records an intriguing visit paid to Athens by the former Lord Provost of Edin- burgh, Sir James McKay. with When we checked councillors in Edinburgh last week little was known of the visit. McKay went there in April, a month before the local authority elections. Now he and his fellow Tories have been ousted and a Labour- Liberal coalition is in charge.

The Greek publicity machine is not oiled too well and Sir James appears in the article as 'Mr Mac High'. During his stay he was presented with the Golden Medal of Honour of the city of Athens in an affectionate ceremony which was attended by the vice president of the military regime, Mr. S. Pattakos. Unmoved by the fact that large numbers of political prisoners are being tortured in the nearby jails, McKay told 'We his hosts: believe that with our visit here we are opening a new way for the citizens of the two cities, as well as for the citizens of our countries? He said Edinburgh had been described as the 'Athens of the North' and that it was 'deeply indebted to Athens and the Greek civilization'. the Castaneda, Oliviero of one Guatemala's most dreaded tor- turers and killers, was shot down as he sat with his family having a meal in a Guatamala City restaurant on Sunday June 25. Castaneda was a personal friend of Guatemalan President General Carlos Arana Osorio and leader of the ruling party.

At the memorial meeting held in the Congress while his body lay in state nearby, the President declared cynically 'as always we repudiate vio- lence in all its manifestations'.

General Osorio seized power at the head of the so-called National Liberation Move- ment in 1968. Since then the country has lived under a bloody repression which has cost of lives. thousands Castaneda boasted of his of repression the peasantry who occupied lands ünder the agrarian reforms of the Arbenz regime. The opposition accuses him of participation in hundreds of tortures. He personally led the murder of labour and peasant leaders in 1968 whose bodies were thrown into the Pacific.

He boasted of taking part in the 'pacification' of the Zacapa region which cost over 6,000 lives. Knowing that he was on the death list of the urban guerrillas, Castaneda led an almost underground existence, rarely went about in public and was always accompanied by bouyguards. On June 25 he made a fatal mistake. Two men entered the restaurant where he was seated, fired two shots at close range and made off in a waiting car. One butcher is dead, but the remains. regime of butchers Trade unionists, students and of all kinds oppositionists to 'disappear' or continue their bullet-ridden bodies are found by the roadside.

FROM THE FIRST COALITION

TO THE SECOND 1964-1970

A special background series examining the class struggle in Ceylon from 1964 to the present day. Part one.

A special background series ex The coalition government which came to power in Ceylon in May 1970 was a crisis government from its very beginning. The main reason for its election was the great betrayal of the massive working-class movement for 21 demands of basic, democratic rights six years previously in 1964.

This betrayal was carried out by the now reformist Lanka Sama Samaja Party, Com- munist Party and trade union leaders. 1964 was a very decisive year for Ceylonese capitalism.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike's Sri Lanka Freedom Party govern- ment, which was in power at that time, was threatened to surge. No section of the ruling class had any confidence to working and take oppressed masses in a face-to- face war. Without the direct support of the working-class leaders there was absolutely no room to maintain the capitalist power in Ceylon.

POWER

This episode of the class struggle, where the two major capitalist parties in Ceylon, the SLFP and the United National Party were discredited beyond recovery, raised directly the question of workers' power in the island. The ruling SLFP either had to make an alliance with the leaders of the working class or had to enter into a civil war with the masses without hav- ing any confidence about its outcome. Commented Mrs Bandara- naike: We cannot go backwards. We must go forward. Disrup- tions, especially strikes and go- siows, must be eliminated and the development of the coun- try must proceed... 'Some people have various ideas on these subjects. Some feel that these troubles can be eliminated by the establish- ment of a dictatorship. Others say that workers should be made to work at the point of gun and bayonet. Still others maintain that a national gov- ernment should be formed to solve this problem. I have con- sidered these ideas separately and in the context of world events. 'My conclusion is that none of these solutions will help to get us where we want to so...

"Therefore, gentlemen, decided to initiate talks with the leaders of the working class . . • This was a great historical challenge aimed at the leaders of the workers' movement.

Lloyd George had asked he of the British same question labour leaders in 1919: 'Gen- tlemen, are you ready to lake over?' But there was absolutely no hesitation on the part of the 'left' leaders to betray. They had prepared themselves for years. As Mrs Bandaranaike threatened them with the question of state power, Colvin R. De Silva, still at that time a leader of the revisionist United Secretariat in Ceylon, eries examining the class struggle in used this challenge to intimi- date and drive back the delegates of the 21 demands movement, stating that fight would be a political struggle for power for which they were not prepared and could not fight for. So, as the class struggle nakedly posed the question of state power, the LSSP and the CP leaders joined hands with the SLFP and excused their behaviour by a cynical nationalization: that they the government to prevent the establishment of a military dictatorship. This SLFP-LSSP government, enjoying the support of the CP, had one clear perspective: to disorient the 21 demands movement and to prepare the ground to put all the burdens of the maturing economic crisis on the masses. Right: Caylon'a Prime Minister, Mrs Bandaranaike with Heath in London. Dudley Senan- Above: ayake of the UNP Though the government lasted in power for only six months, in that short period it took the basic steps in that direction. The abandonment of the 21 demands struggle by the LSSP and CP leaders, split the Joint Committee of Trade Union Organizations which was formed to carry out the fight and paved the way for a series of These isolated strikes. struggles were subjected to police terror and defeated.

The strikes at the Velona garment factory and at the Ceylon Transport board entered into first workers, history as the struggles that openly clashed with the Samasamaja bureaucracy. After betraying the 21 Samasamaja demands, and Stalinist leaders supported the government's brutal attack on the plantation workers—they backed the conspiratorial pact to deport 525,000 plantation workers to India, which was signed by Indo-Ceylon prime ministers. The plantation workers' union of the LSSP justified this decision: "The unemployment problem on estates will be reduced and as a result estate employers will be free to provide better facilities to the workers ...

When the working class and the masses resisted these brutal the left' leaders, attacks, desperately attempting to con- tain the movement, mass antagonized the capitalist class well. They attempted to as uggle in Ceylon from 1964 to the pres nationalize Lake House, the biggest bourgeois press 111 Ceylon, and to raise Buddhisir!

to the status of state religio.

Correctly seeing these d' steps towards a 'strong govern- ment, workers opposed them.

At the same time the capitalist class, rallying behind the UNP, opposed these measures on the ground that, they were the first steps towards abolishing private ownership in Ceylon.

While antagonizing the work- ing class on the one hand, the government had also antagon- ized the capitalist class in its inability to deal firmly with the working class. So after six months it had prepared the ground for its own downfall.

The world bank refused the government loans and 'advised' the capitalist class to remove the government from office.

So, on December 3, 1964, with the aid of the right-wing SLFP-ers (i.e. the CP, de Silva Workers Press, the present day. Part one.

and company the capitalist class, threw the coalition "wernment out of office It had 'achieved' one thing: it disoriented the 21 demands movement and opened the door for a right-wing UNP govern- ment which would attempt to deal firmly with the working class. The betrayal in 1964 had paved the way directly for Dudley Senanayake's UNP government in 1965. Imperialism rapidly was moving towards its severest economic crisis and the Ceylon capitalist class had to freeze wages and seize all welfare benefits in order to control the inflation. But Senanayake's government was weak and remained in power only due ors Press, Monday July 10, 1972 PAGE 5 to the treachery of the work- ing-class leaders. From the very beginning, the government had to enter into an alliance with the Federal Party-the major poli- tical organization among the Tamil-speaking minorities. To working attack the class directly, it had to keep lamil minorities out of the general opposition to the government.

At the same time UNP won the support from the leadership of the CWC-the biggest plan- tation workers' union. Both these leaderships were able to support the UNP govern- ment only • because of the coalition's racialist attitude towards these sections. Tomorrow the first article From the First Coalition to the Second 1964-1970° will be continued.

PAGE 6 Workers Press, Monday July 10, 1972

BY TOM KEMP

The rounding up of the The fevered imagination of West German one journalist German guerrilla urban tried to make out that Macleod band which called itself was an agent of British intel- the Red Army Faction- ligence, latter-day James Bond, though what interest he known the Baader- as would have playing the in Meinhof group after its provocateur such a agent main leaders-has situation is not clear. pro- But in all likelihood the vided sensational copy for group was riddled with police the world's press. agents and provocateurs. The The group was responsible trials which will take place as for spectacular of the heavy machinery of the series German bomb explosions in various courts get to work parts of the Federal Republic may throw some light on this.

during May, Nixon's bombing Macleod's only connection carried out with the affair appears to be revenge for offensive in North Vietnam.

that he had once occupied a flat later rented by a suspect One shook the Springer building in Hamburg. honected with the group his press little police Others took place in other work, after cities and were aimed death, soon established this. at American army barracks and If nothing else, the Baader- Meinhof police stations. Three Ameri- group's activities have the depth of can soldiers were among those shown killed and injured. which Willy hysteria to Brandt's Reich can sink. To After these exploits, the West German police, which deal with this group—a small had been hunting for Baader fraction in terms of numbers accomplices of, say, the IRA in Ulster- and his for 150,000 months with increasing frenzy, over heavily-armed was ordered to stop at nothing police were mobilized with to bring in the group dead or armoured cars and machine alive. guns. Hundreds Shed Roads, have Huge forces were mobilized Road been blocks to comb the country in of police strength have been set up all over the show un- country. Towns have been put precedented even under the Nazi regime. Meanwhile, in the under a virtual state of siege.

A massive apparatus for the press, a hate campaign was carried on, reflecting and en- preservation of internal Ss.s* ried Germany the fears of the security in couraging middle class. obviously exists. out Tune Baader and against this tiny group of ter- Early of his friends were rorists, in reality it is aimed some tracked down to a hide-out in against the working class. a Frankfurt garage. Police shot Workers are coming back onto wounded Baader and the by and scene, as was shown dragged them out, half naked, the powerful metalworkers' to waiting police vehicles.

The strike at the end of last year photographed for and the mass demonstrations action was the delectation of readers of on the streets when Brandt's Europe's scandal sheets. government appeared be to Later in Tune police were threatened. given the tip-off by The a contact origins of the Baader- at whose house Ulrike Meinhof Meinhof group lay in the was staying in Hanover. An- student West movement in Germany which other leading woman member, assumed vast Gudvun Enslinn proportions in 1968-1969 and in then receded almost after an as boutique had seen a pistol in- quickly. Under petty-bourgeois side her coat. leaders who saw the working Their appetite whetted, and revolutionary class not Springer force but as passive benefici- spurred by press and other gutter papers aries of the consumer society, which abound in West Ger- it was unable to link up with many, police pounced on most the awakening working class of the remaining members in the factories. the group, about 30 all told.

The turn to terrorism was bloody Then came a final only the most extreme expres- Police enquires had, episode. sion of the demoralization of circum- by an odd chain which set in. The small band of dedicated terrorists stances, linked a young Scot- with tish businessman lain Macleod their guns and bombs and Stuttgart, the their 'exemplary' actions sub- living in Early Baader-Meinhof stituted themselves group. for the armed police one morning mass movement. stormed to his flat and The Baader-Meinhofs shot him in the back with a re- sembled the Russian students machine pistol while he was and intellectuals who, in naked in his bed- Tsarist Russia, hoped to fur- standing ther revolution by assassinat- In the hysterical atmosphere ing the Tsar or hated officials.

generated by the crisis in West Lenin and the Bolsheviks Germany a police officer had fought a long theoretical obviously been struggle against such trends. shooting first and asking ques- After all Lenin's own brother afterwards. Inquiries had sacrificed his life in a ter- tions showed that Macleod soon rorist attack and he recognized had nothing to do with the the of such courage people Baader-Meinhof group but was while how explaining they best style living it up in the could never defeat reaction.

of the consumer society Members of the Baader- which they professed to hate.

Meinhof from group come ironic twist of fate, By an impeccable social backgrounds through the gun of a trigger- of the middle or upper middle Baader group the Their revolt against the happy cop, class. had killed one of their enemies.

abuses injustices, and philis- tinism of West German society is not accidental. It has much in common with the hysterical reaction of the middle respectable German class. Its roots lie in the pro- longed crisis of German society which opened with World War and has through a gone whole experience of revolution, inflation, depression, war, fas- cism, defeat, fragile prosperity of a new and now the fear economic collapse. The betrayals of Stalinism in the early 1930s, which opened the way for Hitler, and again after 1945, bear a heavy responsibility. They made pos sible the pulverization of the German working class by the Nazis. Then came the defeat and impoverishment, followed by a long period of the so- 'economic miracle' called which the working class saw absolutely no political prospec- and in which the old tive social-democratic bureaucracy was able to re-establish its grip. In such a deep social crisis, manifestations such as indivi- dual terrorism, the revival of fascism and the rise of new cults of all sorts appealing to the middle class, and especi- ally its most energetic layers in the student youth, would be expected. In the late 1960s there was an opportunity to link it up with the working class. This required the assimilation of Marxism and : to struggle build a revolutionary party on the programme of the Fourth International. The student leaders, such as Rudi Dutschke, deliberately turned their back on such a perspective. They wrote off the working class as a revolution- ary force. They sought a short which cut satisfied more directly their individualism and impatience. The result was that the student movement moved into futile confrontations with the police and remained entirely isolated from the working class. Degenerating into a protest movement, it declined just when the working class was coming back onto the scene with demands of its own, asserting its own demands against German capitalism, struck by the world now economic crisis. The turn of people like Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof to individual terror- ism in modern form of itc urban guerrilla activity was a product of this period. In a deeper sense, however.

it expresses the contradictions of German historical develop- ment-the impotence the middle class, the betrayals of working class, the impact The war, the divi- of fascism and sion the country after of World War II. Baader and Meinhof turned destroy the instinctivelv had bourgeois society which produced them and to which they irrevocably belonged. They become have scape- for the German middle goats class. More, they become the excuse for the balding up of an enormous machine pression under the Social Democrat, Willy Brandt, ready to do battle with the working class and for a red scare which can prepare the wav for a new Bonapartist state. reactionary, The lesson of the history of Baader-Meinhof the group the need to build a revolution- ary party based on the working class in the country which was the first to have a mass party based on Marxism. Baader (left) with police spy, Peter Urbach (right) w Ulrike Meinhof (top left) was born in 1935 into a middle- class Social Democratic family which sheltered communists and other oppositionists under the Nazis. Her first political activity was in the 05ls in protests against the atom bomb.

In 1958 she met Röhol, the pub- lisher of a left-wing cutent magazine, 'Konkret'. He made her editor. She married him for and ten years they lived the life of radical intellectuals.

The betrayals of Social Demo- Grand cracy (joining the Coalition and supporting the so-called Powers Emergency Act) and then the shooting of the student Benno Ohnesorg by the Berlin police at demonstration in 1967, finally drove her, towards the extra- parliamentary opposition. She left Röhol and her comfortable life. In line with the theories of Marcuse Herbert she turned towards the drop-outs of society as the bearers of the revolutionary flag. Further dis- illusionment finally took her toward violent attacks on She joined bourgeois society. Baader Ensslin and and er Urbach (right) who betraved him in 1970.

became the group's 'brains'.

BAADER

Andreas Baader (top right) was born in 1943 into a middle- class home which, however, did not have the same intel- lectual tradition as those of Meinhoff and Ensslin. After an undistinguished school career he went to Berlin in 1963. He lived a Bohemian life with two painters who gave him enough to live on. (He has never worked for more than three weeks in his life.) He got to know Gudrun Ensslin and they burnt down a Frankfurt de- partment store. In court he said: 'We saw the dangers of being eaten up and digested by the system if we did not go into action ourselves. After 14 months prison they were let out and immediately became famous in the student underground. In November 1969 they disappeared from view after another court over- turned the decision to free them. In April 1970 Baader betrayed by police spy was Peter Urbach. Six weeks fater he was freed in a daring escape master-minded Ulrike Meinhof. This was the begin- ning of the Baader-Meinhof group. Workers Press, Monday July 10, 1872 PAGE 7,

ENSSLIN

Gudrun Ensslin (centre) was born in 1940 into a strongly National Socialist family (now CDU). Her father is a pastor.

She did well at school and uni- versity. In • 1962 she joined forces with Bernwald Vesper, the son of a Nazi writer, to start a small publishing ven- ture. It was not a success. In the 1965 elections they cam- paigned for the SPD, writing speeches for among others Karl Schiller (the present Economics Minister). The failure of the SPD at the elec- tion and its decision to enter the 'Grand Coalition' the fol- lowing year was a shock for Ensslin. As she said later: 'We realized that the leaders of the

SPD

itself had become prisoners of the system.' The shooting of Benno Ohnesorg finally drove her towards extra - parliamentary activity.

She began to read Marcuse and joined in the mass student demonstrations. In 1968 she helped Baader burn down a Frankfurt department store and from then on her life has been completely bound with that of Andreas Baader and the group.

Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested on May 5, 1920. They were sentenced to die in the electric chair April 9, 1927 and that sentence was carried out a few minutes after midnight on August 22, 1927. In the course of those seven years, one of the most glaring exposés of the nature of capitalist justice is revealed. Reprinted from the 'Bulletin' (April 3, 1972), organ of the Workers League of US. By Nancy Fields.

SACCO AND VANZETTI

PAGE 8 Workers Press, Monday July 10, Sacco and Vanzetti were arres carried out a few minutes aft nature of capitalist justice is r Part 2. A period of sharp opposites What was the history of the period? What were the specifics of the 'struggle of the two colossal forces in society' which forced the ruling class to create increasingly reaction- ary and dictatorial measures to beat back the offensive of the working class? The period of 1914-1920 must be examined in its whole.

It must be seen as a period of sharp opposites in absolute conflict with each other but, at the same time, in unity with each other under the capitalist system. Bourgeois historians have always ignored the opposites that exist in any given period and have given only a one-sided view of that period. Thus, the period from 1904- 1916 has been characterized as the Progressive Era and the 1920s seen as the 'Era of Normalcy', a time of extreme complacency and conservatism.

delineating only one By opposite in each successive stage of history, these academ- icians cannot explain why, in the so-called Progressive Era, scores of reactionary laws were passed and the seeds of future repression were sown. Neither can they explain how, in the so-called period of working complacency, the class moving forward, was engaged in fundamental battles and was mobilized throughout the world in the defence of Sacco and Vanzetti. What were the opposites in 1914-1920? As always within capitalism, the absolute opposites were the movement of the ruling class. Thus, the growth of the trade union movement, of militant syndicalism and of occurring anarchism was against the background of increasing unemployment, wages tied to productivity, and anti-union laws passed by the government. advances in Technological this period brought a marked increase of unemployment. Because of the increasing crisis within the capitalist system, employers introduced speed-up and productivity as a way to diminish the work force and increase their profits. In addition, inflation was rampant throughout the period.

In the single year, 1919-1920, the cost of living index rose from 178 to 206. The economic crisis was manifest in the declining value of the dollar. Between 1914- 1917, the purchasing power of the dollar fell from 136.6 to 107.4. By 1918, it had dropped to a new low of 92.5. Thus, between the outbreak of World War I and its end, the value of the dollar had dropped 37.6 per cent. Whole areas of the country were being devastated by un- employment. In New England, almost the entire textile industry was wiped out by the employers' ruthless desire for greater profits. Because the working class was more organized in New England and had exhibited their potential strength in successful strikes, the textile owners decided to close down and re-establish their plants in the south.

At the same time that un- was increasing, employment the trade union movement was growing. The of number workers organized in the trade unions doubled in the four year period from 1913-1918.

In the year 1918-1919, there y July 10, 1972 re arrested on May 5, 1920. They ites after midnight on August 22, 1 tice is revealed. Reprinted from the •xy"1 Top: a Wobblies meeting in Now York. Above: Justice Taff-. handed down countless decisions against unions was a tremendous leap in union membership to four times what it had been in 1913. The growth of union mem- bership demonstrated the growing consciousness among the working class that it was only through the organized power of the trade unions that their rights could be won and then defended. With this consciousness came the under- standing that the strike was the weapon which could bring victory. Thus, between 1914-1918 the number of strikes tripled and the number of workers in- volved in these strikes in- creased to 300,000. The real leap in strike activity came between 1919-1920 when more than 4 million workers were involved. The militant, syndi- calist Industrial Workers of the World, led by Vincent St. John, became a real force in this period. Reflecting the enormous fear of the ruling class in the • of the offensive of the face working class, the government began to initiate a series of anti-union manoeuvres. When these failed, the government then resorted to its power as the state and passed vicious anti-strike laws. In 1917 Woodrow Wilson, • They were sentenced to die in th Ist 22, 1927. In the course of those s rom the 'Bulletin' (April 3, 1972), org: that so-called progressive Presi- dent, set up a tripartite board the purpose of settling labour disputes during the war.

This board, like its successor today, included representatives of 'the public,' labour, and the Secretary of War. The treacherous role of the labour bureaucracy, in the person of Samuel Gompers, then President of the American Federation of Labour, paved the way for the government's anti-union action. In lact, be held Gompers must responsible for the later set- backs that besieged the labour movement in the 1920s. It was Gompers who sat on the War Labour Conference Board-the Board of the em- ployers-and pledged the organized labour would not engage in industrial disputes during the war. He thus retreated at the very moment when the real power of the labour movement could have been brought to bear. It had advantage due the to the scarcity of labour power avail- able and should have used this to seek recognition and the extension of collective bargain- ing. In order to facilitate their ultimate objective (which was power of the to break • the trade unions), the Board offered up some concessions to labour. Of course, these concessions were accepted hook, line and sinker by the bureaucracy. Thus, when the eight-hour Board made the day a law, the bureaucrats applauded loudly and con- gratulated themselves for taking the moderate position because obviously, it proved to be correct. However, when that law was never applied, the complete fraud of the concessions was revealed. In fact, the then Secretary of War, Baker, urged Wilson not to press the eight- hour day in steel, because as e in the electric chair April 9, 1927 those seven years, one of the mos 72), organ of the Workers League of

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

WORLD

NIMLY IDATION

INDI TRIAL

DISTRICT

COUNCIL

HLADOUARTER

he stated: "That would be a revolutionary change and the unwillingness of the workers' employers to yield the point.

might provoke strikes.' Unlike the bureaucrats, how- ever, the rank-and-file workers refused to be driven back. In fact, as has been shown, strike activity increased tremendously in this period. The creation of two more boards in one month indicated the government's panic in the face of the resolute determin- ation of the working class to win what was rightfully theirs.

Thus, a War Labour Policies Board was established with that liberal Felix Frankfurter at its head. Two weeks later, the National War Labour Board (NWLB) came into being, with former President Taft and labour lawyer Frank P. Walsh as co-chairmen. No specific guidelines were estab- lished as to the nature of the Board's power but rather, it was given almost unlimited authority to mediate, conciliate or arbitrate as it wished.

At the same time that the National War Labour Board created, the legislature was passed a series of vicious anti- union laws. The most reaction- ary of them was the one attached to the powers of the NWLB. This gave the President the power to seize any plant which was being struck if the NWLB thought the parties involved were being recalcit- he rant. Wilson used this power to take over Western Union in August of 1918 as well as a Bridgeport small arms factory when its workers refused to War Labour Board accept a decision. In 1919, Wilson called an Industrial Conference at the high point of the United Steel- workers of America's strike which involved 350,000 workers. The Conference was designed to provide measures 9, 1927 and that sentence was he most glaring exposés of the ague of US. By Nancy Fields.

the offensive of to stop workers. As usual, the labour bureau- crats joined hands with the employers and the 'public' to aid in this task. The employers controlled the conference and refused to offer any concessions to the public. They insisted on retaining absolute control of the employment process and refused to acknowledge the right to independent collective bargaining. The real meaning Gompers' 'peaceful co- existence' policy of class collab- oration during the war was revealed. At the same time, the Supreme Court, which the bourgeoisie likes to represent being above class as struggle, was handing down a series of decisions against labour. These decisions consistently ruled in favour of the em- ployers and against the trade unions. For example in Duplex V. Deering, Chief Justice Taft's opinion forbade the Inter- national Association of Machinists to seek the support of workers in related trades in its struggle against the em- ployer. Furthermore, the court struck down even the most minimal legislation which had been passed in an attempt to stop some of the more bar- barous methods of child labour. In addition, laws were passed making syndicalism a • crime and the state vigorously used laws to break the In- these dustrial Workers of the World (IWW). In 1918, many of its leaders were tried under the Sedition Act. In 1917 one of the founders of the IWW and militant leader of the Western Federation of Miners, Frank Little, was hung. Also in 1917, Tom Mooney and Warren Billings, leaders in the IWW, received life sentences on framed up charges.

CONTINUED TOMORROW

Bulgaria would like to buy more from capitalist countries including whole factories, a visiting delegation of West German businessmen was told. The chairman of the Bul- garian chamber of commerce proposed the setting up of joint enterprises which could produce for export to other countries. Co-operation mechanical engineering would be especially welcomed he said. The Bulgarian bureaucracy, the closest of all to the Kremlin, is thus prepared to with the go into business German bosses of heavy industry. It is ready to see Bulgarian workers exploited by the capitalists and Bul- garian products appear on the world market which have resulted from friendly co- operation with capitalist firms.

So far, of course, this is only talk, but the develop- ments in Yugoslavia point the way and there can be no doubt about the seriousness with which such proposals are put forward. 'After the Eighth Party Con- gress the life of the working class has become more beauti- ful, richer and fuller because the goal and road of the main task is being achieved step by step in everyday life.'

Erich Honecker The trade union bureaucrats of East Germany paid tribute, in this poetic language, to the Socialist Unity Party and its leader Erich Honecker at their recent congress. If life is so beautiful for the hard-working East Germans, one wonders why such ela- borate precautions are taken to see that they do not leave their earthly paradise for the flesh- pots of the Federal Republic.

Among those present at the Congress was Lawrence Daly, secretary of the general National Union of Minework- ers, and James Milne, assistant general secretary of the Scot- tish TUC. Above: Antonin Novotny one-time Czech CP boss

'SPINELESS MEN

OF THE CZECH

LEADERSHIP

The Czechoslovak Com- munist Party iS more divorced from the people than at any other time and has placed in office thousands of 'spineless careerists.

These are the current views not some oppositionist group, but of none other than one-time Stalinist boss Anton- Novotny himself. Once servile supporter of the Krem- in, ne was now out enon- 1967. iniously in Novotny Even could the intervention of stomach the Red Army in August tion according or the 1968. opposition journal me Czech CP boss Listy' ', quoted by "The Times" he has launched a bitter attack on the present policies in a let- ter to the Central Committee.

By comparison with Husak's regime, that of the Novotny relatively years appears enlightened. There was much greater freedom for discussion and creative work than there is today. A Stalinist hack and a poli- tical has-been, it is nonethe- less significant that Novotny, sensing the wrath to come, should try to warn the Czech bureaucracy and at the same time establish his distance from the present ruling clique.

Workere Pre Advertising men are a special category of citizen. If you get within ear's length of them you tend to get a load of about the radical nonsense perils of their profession and their hopes for a better world in which commodities are freed for the exploitation of the market, etc., etc. This week the earnest radicalism of these gentlemen was given a very direct test.

The guest of honour at the annual conference of the Advertising Association was none other than Tory leader Edward Heath. What sort of a reception did he get from the hordes in polka-dot shirts, leather jackets and wet-look boots?

First of all let us record the opening remarks of the AA president, Mr John W. Hobson. Hobson was effusive in his welcome for the Tory leader.

He said: 'The urgent call today for British industry is "Action stations", and one might add the naval command, "Prepare to repel boarders".

'At this moment of history for our industry and our whole country, we are proud to have, to open our conference, the man who more than any other has made that history. The man who has rejected the short-term soft options in favour of the long-term oppor- tunities for a trading nation like Britain in becoming an integral part of a vastly ex- panded market. The man who, by sheer personal determina- tion - in all admiration, a splendid single - mindedness— us, some of us has forced kicking and screaming, out of cosy, enervating, 19th our century reveries, into the in- vigorating compulsions of modern world realities. My Lords, Ladies and Gentlemen, the Prime Minister' Not much criticism there!

What about the vast crowd of ad men? Any dissent? Not a bit of it. They sprang to their feet and clapped to a the Tory maestro man as grinned his way to the plat- form. Heath returned to his theme "con- about the plight of the sumer'. He set all the middle- class consciences to rest when he told them: 'We are beginning to hear the voice of the consumer loud and clear. There are times when it says awkward caro Prosa, Monday July 10, 1872 PAGE 8 things, things we don't want to hear. I read that you deplore the intellectual and moral disapproval which you sometimes arouse in stimulat- ing demand for goods and services. 'I sympathize with you wholeheartedly in the sadness one feels when one's highest motives are misunderstood.'

Heath, of course, is another 'misunderstood' man. Or that's what he would like us all to believe. Only in the land of advertising gimmicks and phantasmagoria could such a speech be believed, let alone cheered.

ALL TOGETHER

NOW

Beaverbrook may be dead and buried, but his spirit goes marching on in the 'Daily Express'. • The right-wing Tory newspaper has just launched an "All together now' cam- paign. The idea is that shop stew- ards should get together with because 'that's management the only way to get rich'.

The campaign was launched last Tuesday—the day Victor Feather of the TUC went to see Tory leader Edward Heath at No. 10 Downing Street.

The idea is somewhere next to corporatism. The centre page article ex- 'Express' plains what the wants: Twenty-odd years ago battered Germany lifted her- self up by her bootstraps. By applying three simple princi- ples: no political experiments; self-help; and making sure that in every firm everyone knew what was going on. "That is why the D-mark has risen in value by 25 per cent over the last ten years.

Why cannot we do the same here? The "Daily Express" will tell the story of some of the firms who are succeeding in doing this. This newspaper will try to bring the politicians into line. The feature ends with an appeal to shop stewards to send letters to the Editor ex- plaining how their particular 'working firm all to- gether'. • The 'Express's' in- sidious and grubby little pub- licity stunt is bound to raise a laugh on the docks and in engineering plants up and down the country. In fact, everywhere where more than two workers are gathered together!

LEON TROTSKY:

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INTRODUCING THE

PAGE 10 Workers Preet, Monday Juty 1 Part of ITT's international network—a sw

BY CHARLES PARKINS

The big American com- bine, International Tele- phone and Telegraph, has made quite a name for itself in recent months. Firstly there was the revela- tion of ITT involvement in intri- American under-cover gues aimed against the Allende government in Chile. Then there were the exposures of the company's activities in US presidential elections. ITT appears to employ some highly-suitable managerial staff to match the reputation it is acquiring. At least, if Herr Kruger, of the company's West German subsidiary, Standard Electric A.G., is anything to eo by. Back in 1945, a Scotland Yard detective, Chief Inspector Rudkin, assisted by Detective Sergeant Chutburn, was put in charge of a case known as 'Operation Bernhard'. Their task was to locate and bring to trial a man who was probably the biggest for- ger in history; SS Major Bern- hard Kruger, who ran a Nazi special operation involving the compulsion of skilled concen- tration camp inmates to forge British banknotes, to the value of £134m. Part of the story is told in General Reitlinger's book "The Final Solution': 'On January 26, 1944, a party of Jewish draughtsmen, engravers and printers, sur- vivors of the Dutch and Ger- man deportations, left for Concentration hi Sachsenhausen Camp, where they were kept In a secret section, directed by Major Bernhara Kruger, the head of Amt VI F4a of the main Security Office of the SS.

This department had been counterfeiting British currency notes since 1940, but it was only when the Sachsenhausen Workshop got into its stride day July 10, 1872 ork—a switchboard factory in Madrid, Spain that the British Government was confronted with the pro- blems of a truly superb issue of five-pound notes.. "Einsatz April 1945, Bernhard" was transferred to an underground factory in Austria... Kruger escaped to Switzerland with a large accu- mulated private fortune. He has not been found.' A Major McNally of the US Army headed American inves- tigations into the case of 'Operation Bernhard'. He takes 'Readers up the story in Digest' in July 1952: 'It was April 1945 before Operation Bernhard was ready to set up its presses in Gallery 16 behind Redl Zipf in Austria.

By that time American troops were already closing in on the redoubt. 'Late one day Major Kru- ger—in a fast Alfa Romeo convertible and accompanied by a striking blonde-roared into the concentration camp at the mouth of the Redl Zipf cave. Every trace of Opera- Bernhard was to be obli- tion terated. All records were to be destroyed, fake currency and unprinted banknote paper burned, plates and dies sunk in the deepest part of Lake Toplitz. All 140 members of Operation Bernhard were to be taken to Ebensee Concen- tration Camp and killed. 'The major, composed and polite as always, apologized for not being able to supervise the details himself. He had, he said, urgent business else- The car streaked where... in the direction of away Switzerland. Kruger has never been heard of since, despite the concentrated efforts of half a dozen police forces to find on him.' In fact the Nazis never had time to execute the 140 prisoners, as ordered by Kru- ger. Nevertheless, SS. Major Kruger, apart from his forg- ing activities, is known to have been responsible for the mur- der of at least four prisoners assigned to work on his pro- ject. For a few years after the war, Kruger apparently could not be found. But in 1961 he was unearthed—not by one of the 'half a dozen police forces' that were supposed to have been searching for him, but by a journalist, Julius Mader, who specializes in this sort of case.

He found former SS Major Bernhard Kruger, not hiding in the South American interior or anywhere uncomfortable like that, but living peacefully under his own name in Stutt- gart, West Germany. Mader urged the West Ger- man authorities to look into the case, and they undertook to do so. But the investigations dragged on, without making much progress, as such cases tend to do when entrusted to the hands of the West Ger- man police; and after a while, were dropped altogether Herr Major Kruger nas meanwhile continued his res- pectable career, and enjoyed a respectable promotion to presumably well-paid and in ITT's managerial post Standard Electric subsidiary.

He takes his place alongside the many pillars of 'respect- able' Ger- society in West many, trom judges to business- men, whose careers go to show crime, if on a big enough that scale, can certainly pay!

Perhaps, with the tricks that capitalist governments are currently attempting with banknotes, former Major Kru- ger may be asked to exercise his talents again to meet the increased demand for paper money. After all, issuing worthless banknotes has been shown to have been a major occupation since the war, except that in peacetime, instead of the 'enemy's' notes being forged, countries have been issuing their notes with nothing to back them. Dear Editor, remove the Tories. Having been at the building The working class has been workers' rally 200 in Hyde Park organized for the past What is lacking last week, I think that not years. 1s a who is political lead from these only must we expose in the leadership of this farce, leaders. but also where it is going to As far as I'm concerned, lead for the working class and its us. We take first the Communist trade unions to survive, it must take on the Tories in a General Party-led Building Workers' Charter. Nowhere Strike. That is why I support on this charter is there a call to kick the Socialist Labour League's the Tories out - it is pur- call for Councils of Action, because with a leadership of kept to trade union posely demands. Stalinists and reformists we are demands for be led to a defeat. These more going to money etc., will be wiped out The councils would, in by devaluation of the Tory-provoked General Strike, the pound. The CP and reformist be able to these amputate lead leaders refuse to leaders from the movement.

why I think political struggle to explain That is a political fight to get the Tories this. Speaking at the rally they and return Labour out blamed the working class for government pledged to socialist and with cries of policies is necessary. its defeats 'the building industry is not organized' and 'more solidarity Building worker, needed', Cubitts' site, is they •escaped the Upper Thames Street. fight for all-out action to

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BY IAN YEATS

A THOUSAND workers and their families from a factory which has not had a strike for 21 years staged an un- precedented right - to - work march through the centre of Ipswich, Suffolk, on Satur- day. They were protesting against the closure of Ransomes and Rapier's century-old Waterside Works, announced two weeks ago by Newton Chambers, the Sheffield-based parent com- pany. Joint Unions Action Commit- tee Secretary David Catting told a mass rally in Christchurch Park: "The average wage in this fac- tory is £24 a week. We're not fighting for high wages. We're not here to cause trouble. We've called you out to fight for the right to work.' A quarter of Ipswich's 41,000- male labour force work strong in engineering and workers fear the shutdown of a major com- virtually pany whose name is Ipswich itself synonymous with will be the thin edge of an expanding wedge. Significantly even the deputy mayor of Ipswich Ald Cyril Skinner, who received a petition from the marchers, is himself an ex-Rapier man. In the petition the men demanded the basic right to work' to support their families.

They warned that the factory's have 'incalcuable closure would consequences' in an area 'bereft of other employment opportuni- ties'. Although the town's jobless figures have dipped marginally last winter during the summer unemployment paralleled national levels running 3.3 per at cent or over 2,000. It has trebled since 1966 and risen sharply since the Tories took office in 1970.

plan- The Labour government 'new developing on the basis of London overspill, but the scheme was shelved indefinitely by the Tories. In the first half of the 1960s in, moved property developers tearing out the old heart of the and building multi- town million pound complex of more than a dozen office skyscrapers and a giant shopping precinct.

Many of the offices and almost the shops have stood all empty for half a decade. Project' is This "Greyfriars within spitting distance of Ips- wich dock, on paper, due to be redeveloped in anticipation of a Common Market boom. It is a tidal port with limited space for expansion. Although its development have been may worthwhile in boom times, now that recession has profit made margıns crucial, it is unlikely to competition from survive against the all tides Haven ports of Felixstowe and Harwich. Nevertheless, along with block of derelict the Maltings Ransomes and Rapier workshops are right in the middle of the dockside site the property devel- opers have their eyes on next.

The Rapier factory, which produces construction machinery, made about £360,000 profit last year after a prolonged period of OVER 2,000 trade unionists marched through Walsall, Staf- : Saturday morning fordshire, on against the threatened closure of Tube Investments stainless tubes plant, of the biggest one employers in the town. packed meeting in the At a town hall afterwards, Labour MP said he had John Stonehouse asked Employment Secretary Maurice visit Macmillan to Walsall to see what he could do.

He said that he intended to take up the fight in the House of Commons where he expected wholehearted from support Labour MPs as well as some of his Tory colleagues. Colpitts de- Convenor Alan Rapter demonstrators set off from outside rationalization which 400 workers lost their jobs and pro- ductivity was pushed up with the unstinted the co-operation trade unions by about 10 per cent year. Now the plant is apparently worth more to Newton Cham- bers as land than as a going concern. They plan to further rational- ize their manufacture of con- struction machinery, basing pro- duction on their Sheffield fac- sell the Ipswich site for tory, dockside development and, workers claim, use the cash to boost their Izal manufacturing operation. Saturday's march-the biggest ever of its kind — galvanized downtown Ipswich. The work- class turned out en masse ing watch friends and relatives to march by. Some of them had been waiting in torrential rain for more than an hour to give their support. One housewife told me: I don't blame them. They've got to have somewhere to work. This won't be the only factory to close once it gets started!

Traders in the quarter imme- diately adjacent to the factory will be ruined if it closes and many of them had 'Save Rapier' stickers in their windows.

soaking wet marchers The swung down the main street in high spirits chanting 'Heath Out' and 'We don't want to join the Tory dole queues' borough of 150,000 In people many of the shoppers on clared: 'If they want us out, they will have to come for us.

Our determination is equal to theirs. We have met the faceless and know they are hard men ruthless behind the suave and exterior. 'We will make UCS look like a tea party, he continued. 'We recognize the will refuse to closure of TI. There will be no voluntary redundancies.' At this there was a big out- but Stone- burst of applause, house sat quite unmoved. Rose, ASTMS organizer, Don said | full-time officials and their executive would pledge support to keep the factory a viable and profitable commitment, though m outside the closure-threatene the crowded faces the among here was overwit was koew that it Rapier die hecause will be next. necess on TOt now, even the si ghost-town was planning than as

DAC

unfamiliar do the 'to let' and lengthen, as Ipswich to fight. Dallia last week, stopped support docks leaders threate arrest. Today 850 workers a man's cigarette factory in support of a Dav cl rejected management £2.40 week the hrst strike for 182 Initial Rapier among marched behind the reg the tilder ot the three alone, halt the closure. Already there was tal ana occupation the stewards will mee ment again for averting the shutdown. he did not like tha words. Tube Investments m profits tube made said. country if need deputy the closure

COST

Brates four months the be back government ThaT DeoDie matter profits. factory factory; planning will De amen or otten he said. -threatened factory knew the marche marchers and evervone lapier dies Ipswich • hitting the town rime as more than as a sign let' and sale' and n fails to material. workers are to the struggle for the we port's three London threatened with workers at Churc anav claim. anagement offer According the will confusion workers id the regions three learing last ana lew their Oldli- re was talk of UCS but week this will meet manage- or further talks on like that form of stments made £68m the which €35m; this fight take throughout ane if need be.' said that cost £94,000 and in three community 1930s. realize more unar will remain permission Tor otter business. Workers Press, Monday July 10, 1972 PAGE 11 Mungo and Midge. 9.20 Mary: 12.50 All in a Day's Work 1.30 Pogles' Wood. 1.45 News, 4.00 Boomph with weather. Becker. Play School. 4.40 4.15 Jackanory. 4.55 Penelope Pitstop.

Word. Your

BBC 2

6.00 LONDON THIS WEEK.

11.00 Play School.

6.20 ENTERTAINING WITH

KERR.

7.30 NEWSROOM, Weather.

6.40 THE MOVIE QUIZ.

8.00 HIGH CHAPARRAL.

7.05 Z CARS. The Wolf and the

8.50 HIS

LORDSHIP ENTER

Sheep.

TAINS.

FELLAS

7.30

THE

VIRGIN

9.20 HORIZON. The Life that (New Series.) Episode Lives on Man. Hugh arrives in Sydney

10.05 THIRTY MINUTE THEATRE

of to take possession the Dumper Valt. Kina of what proves to be un- 10.35 VERSAILLES. A bird's eye usual inheritance. view by Albert Lamorisse

OLYMPIANS.

Jesse 10.55 NEWS, Weather.

11.00 LATE NIGHT LINE-UP.

8.00 PANORAMA.

9.00 NEWS, Weather.

10.05 INTERNATIONAL PROFES

BOXING.

11.35 Seven Seas. 12.25 Women.

SIONAL

Phil Britain) 12.50 Freud on Food. 1.15 Bell- Matthews (Great v Tom Bethea (USA). bird. 1.25 Yak. 1.35 Skippy. 2.05 Good Castle Haven. 2.30 After-

10.55 24 HOURS.

Houseparty. 3.15 noon. 3.00

11.30 ATHLETE.

Film: 'Escape in the Sun'. 4.40 Clapper- Enchanted House 4.55 11.55 Weather. board. 5.20 Treasure Island. 5.50 News. All regions as BBC1 except:

YOU AND THE WORLD.

6.00 Wales: 1.30 Ar Lin Mam. 6.00 The Scooter. Part 2. Wales Today. 6.20 Mynd Dod. 6.45 Heddiw. 11.57 News.

CROSSROADS.

6.20 Scotland: 6.00 Reporting Scot-

THE DAVID NIXON SHOW.

6.40 land. 11.30 Open to Question. 7.30

CORONATION STREET.

12.25 12.00 Athlete. News,

WORLD IN ACTION.

8.00 weather.

ALCOCK AND GANDER.

Northern Ireland: 6.00 Scene 8.30 Six. 11.57 News, Around 9.00 MAN AT THE TOP. Wel- weather. come on the Mat. England: 6.00 Look North, Mid- 10.00

NEWS.

lands Today, Look East, Points

THE GAME.

10.30

NAME OF

South Today, Spotlight West, The King of Denmark. 11.57 South West. Weather.

AFTER BANGLADESH.

11.55 News, weather. Dents Waterman and Wanda Ventham are in tonight's Thirty Minute Theatre production 'Walt, King of the Dumper', written by Jim Allen

REGIONAL TV

SOUTHERN:

Monday 12.55 News. 1.00 night. 10.35 Name of sons. 1.55 the Tennis. 1.25 My three game. Good cooks. 2.15 Bellbird. 2.30 Good afternoon. 3.00 Let's face

YORKSHIRE:

1.45 Bewitched 2.30 Good 4.00 it. 3.30 Bird's view. 2.15 Bellbird. after- eye Twizzle. 3.00 Matinee. 4.35 News. Houseparty. 4.15 4.25 noon. 4.55 Day 4.40 Once 4.55 Junkin. London. 6.00 a time. London. 10.30 Rovers. by day. 6.45 5.20 London. 6.00 Afloat. 11.00 News. 11.10 Marcus Calendar, weather. 6.25 Out of Welby. 12.05 Weather. Guideline. town. 6.45 London. 10.30 Name of the 11.55 Yesterdays. game. 12.25 Weather.

HTV:

2.30 Solo for a sparrow. 3.30 Enchanted house. 3.45 GRANADA: 2.20 Yesterdays. 2.45 Women. 4.15 Tinkertainment. 4.30 People like us. 3.15 Danger man.

Clapperboard. Superman. 4.55 News. Peyton 4.10 4.40 6.01 Report West. place. 5.20 London. Once upon a time. 4.55 Clapper- 6.45 London. 6.22 Report Wales. 5.15 London. 6.00 News. board. 10.30 Film: 'One Way Out.

11.40 6.25 This is your right. 6.40 Yard. Weather. Scotland 12.10 London. 10.30 Crime and mystery.

HTV

Wales except: as above Cantamil. 6.01 Y Dydd. 4.15

TYNE

TEES:

1.45 Bewitched.

HTV

West above except: as Bellbird. 2.15 2.30 Cook book. 6.22 This is the West This Week.

•Wedding Film: 3.00 Breakfast. HTV Cymru/Wales as HTV Wales 4.35 News. 4.40 Paulus. 4.55 plus: 10.30 Awdur A'r Mis.

11.15 Pufnstuf. H.R. 5.20 Treasure Department S. 12.15 Weather.

island. 5.50 News. 6.00 Today. 6.25 What's your words worth? ANGLIA: 1.40 World War I. 2.05 6.45 London. 10.30 Brass tacks. Arthur. 2.30 London. 3.15 Jokers.

11.00 Spyforce. 11.55 News. 12.10 Yoga 4.15 3.45 4.10 News. One step at a time. 4.25 Cartoons. Romper room. London. 6.00 About Anglia. 4.55 SCOTTISH: 2.50 Class of 72 10.30 Brian Con- 6.45 London. Horoscope. 3.35 3.45 Women. nell. 11.05 Time for killing.

4.10 Casebook. 4.40 Origami. 4.55 Clapperboard. 5.20 London. ATV MIDLANDS: 3.10 Good after- 6.00 News. 6.15 Dick Van Dyke. 3.35 Horoscope. 3.45 noon. 6.45 London. 10.30 At odds. 4.10 Nanny. 4.40 Nuts Women. 11.00 Late call. 11.05 University and bones. 4.55 Forest rangers. challenge. 5.20 London. 6.00 Today. 6.45 chal- London. 10.30 University

GRAMPIAN:

3.37 News 3.45 lenge. 11.00 Randall. Women. 4.10 Yoga. 4.40 Once time. 4.55 Rumblie upon ULSTER: 4.00 Let's face it. 4.30 Jumblie. 5.20 Treasure island. 4.50 News. 4.55 Romper 5.50 News. 6.00 News, weather. room. 5.20 London. 6.00 Farming 6.15 Lucy. Clapperboard. news. 6.45 Smith 6.35 10.30 University News. 6.10 family. London. chal- Cartoon time. 6.45 London.

10.30 11.00 Saint. lenge.

YOUNG SOCIALISTS' REGIONAL RIGHT-TO-WORK CAMPAIGN

A rousing welcome from Merseyside working class Fighting policies attract solid support PAGE 12 Workers Press, Monday July 1

BY STEPHEN JOHNS

THE LANCASHIRE Right- marchers got a to-Work rousing working-class wel- come right the way through Liverpool on Saturday at the close of their seven-day cam- paign in the North West. At a public meeting in the city centre, march leader and YS secretary John Simmance declared the campaign one of the most successful ever organ- ized by the Young Socialists.

He pointed out that not one of the 22 unemployed youth who Manchester last from set out Saturday had dropped out.

'These youth, some of them new to politics, have fought all the way. They represent some- thing in the British working class that element that will build the British revolutionary party' The final and triumphant leg of the journey began at Kirkby new town with a meeting in the shopping centre at 9.30 a.m.

The marchers set off for Liver- pool and in the big working-class suburb of Walton they were met delegation, by 150-strong building site including dockers, and workers, engineers unem- ployed youth from Liverpool.

As they made their way through the crowded Walton high street four youth joined the march and stayed for the meet- ing. The biggest support came from the Everton area. Shoppers there clapped column-the Right-to-Work ban- ner at the front — passed by Great Orme Street market.

Collectors counted at least a dozen donations of 50p from the.

workers of the Everton district.

Later, news of more financial top of the £121 support-on already collected-was given to meeting at Hackings packed a Hey Hall. Shop stewards from the British Preston Aircraft Corporation, division,

GEM

sent £IO; the supermarket workers, Preston, collected £2.75; Butex engineer- ing shop stewards, Leyland, gave £3; BTR shop stewards £4 and Mr Maguire, Preston area official General and Municipal of the Workers' Union, gave a personal donation of £5. At Ford's, Hale- wood, the transmission branch of the AUEW gave £4 and £8.05% was callected in the steering sec- tion for a meal for the marchers.

A message and one other dona- tion caused spontaneous applause among the audience. This was from the Liverpool No. 21 branch of the Amalga- Union of Engineering mated Workers. It read: 'We feel sure that if you continue to campaign for 000000

JULY FUND

NOW £320.02

DONATIONS over this weekend have brought our Fund up to £320.02. We now have less than two weeks before our Summer Camp begins to try and raise our target of £1,750. It is a great challenge, but we are sure, from your support each month and last month in particular, that you, our readers, will do everything you possibly can. All over the country feeling is growing a jainst the treachery of this union leadership. Instead of talks with Heath, they should be mobilizing trade unionists to force this Tory everywhere government to resign. Only Workers Press exposes the cowardly position of these leaders. Help us therefore this month in every way you can to raise our July Fund. Put every- thing you can into this fight.

Collect extra amounts. Post all your donations immediately to: Workers Press July Appeal Fund, 186a Clapham High St, London, SW4 7UG.

HIN

day July 10, 1972 ah.. the overthrow of the present Tory government and its replace- ment with a Labour government pledged to implement socialism, then you will succeed. We urge you not to compromise on the policies underlying the political march.' Speakers all paid tribute to the courage and determination of the marchers. Alan Stanley, shop steward at Vauxhall Motors, Ellesmere Port, said: 'We live in a time when the capitalist system is breaking international scale. up on an 'This means there are bound to be massive attacks on the working class. At the same time the TUC leaders, right and so their time called left, spend drinking with Heath and prom- ising get together with him to to hold back wages. 'In this situation the marchers THE demonstration which greeted the marchers was one of the most spirited and colourful held by the YS in Liverpool. Delega- tion leaders told Workers Press why they chose to identify them- selves with the campaign.

EDDIE SMITH, Bass Charrington site striker, Runcorn, Cheshire: It is vital this Tory govern- ment is brought down. The YS and the Socialist Labour League are undoubtedly the only organ- izations that stand out clearly for this policy. In my own union the Stalinists in the Communist Party are lining up with the right wing, who are discredited questions being ranted gey ailed force, and go against national strike action.

Workers will ignore the politics of the march at their peril.'

MARGARET CAMPBELL, young Winsford housewife, with two baby girls: "I want a decent home, school and environment for my children to grow un in. This is impos- sible under the Tories - it's impossible under the capitalist system. That is why I support Published by High Street, London,

SW4 7UG.

Printed by Plough Press Ltd. (TU).

180b Clapham Street, London. High

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raised the key demand of forc- Final speaker John Simmance ing to do this is the best tribute ing this government out the support workers can pay to these lads,' WIth recated ine march- General Strike. This is the only had received from workers he said. forward way on any issue- -that along the route-in the towns of He told the meeting that why Bury, working class Oldham, Wigan. lllc All- DuIlUR all the marchers had St Helens and Kirkby. almost paitners, he, saide young cam- These summer ariccu The vouth had come to the YS camp. because it was the only political nocle mira. olline worket strike 'This is a decisive step. At this on from the Bass Char- had consistently who carried the site camp the ground for the revolu- rington site- fought the Tories and against the will laid ionary movement the Liverpool Party Detavas

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The government youth set an leaders. 1 ory -sala The example to all workers: any conscious wOrKer 'We the aware is preparing the most must nOW Dulla on They stan as they are, to the experience of this march. Above of the working severe repression young they trast, we must recognize that We must train the general Class stand Marxist theory that gives the Ys Lauc stall to meet inis challenge witn the strength and determination. the weapon of Marxist theory tor orncoe ana gonesty to working class. Though small words, but and the party. numbers, force with this poli- ciple that are stre history of the pages struggle mighty "Trades unionists cannot afford force they represent Trotskyist movement. indece Decause

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sal. the true history of the work- collection 224h5. collection meeting raised 'Now, this ing class. memendous industrial area in the North *Let us join with these march- West we go and The marchers ended their out forward to the revolutionary ers- build the revolutionary party and campaign with a discotheque in Help- Dally lll Dillain. maass volta movement. LiverDoor LESLIE MAKEVITT, Metal Box, organization to have the correct demands fight for I the appealed to vorte polluical to

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her hus- this basic right.' appealed working band: class whích fight, ready 'My factory Winsford has RICHARD ASHTON (20), dock- In which is and arressive earer to been Gladstone container smash the Tories and the state The for the march since the national dock, Liverpool. This is not like the 1930s- -with marches go with the march and the fight for a revolutionary key the Right-to-Work YS because leadership we could banısh lory• because area like Winsford of hich ism for ever. The march was 11 Al Ing is Dart or the dockers nght unemployment continual against the Tory system to bring important in that - IS advance talking point in the plant. We it down. fight." WESTERN Region Young part in the demonstra- warned of the policy of the bour- capacity, Socialists demonstrated tion. dangers 10 the working geoisie' 100-strong through Bris- And he added: 'When Speaking at the meet- tol last Saturday ing which followed, Lon- present policy the dockers stopped the ments of inflation. the Industria or te to regional Rignt- don region YS secretary to-Work campaign. 'Inflation,' he said, 'is Act the now the Shoppers In few weeks' time smiled and occused in every factory through- over 500,000 youth will government I ory Cheered undermine wages out the the slogans: leave willul d conditions enormous im- demand the Right to the ... 15, Work, Kick Tories Class the 'Growing unemploy ships. Out!' Turner Intation into its opposite - the discussion lUC, lories out!, as the turned it into the creator followed, one column marched around Whole Cantals! the precinct of Bristol's trace System question of a week-long that the solution to this Contre of massively and said that hi way to a meeting at the crisis inseparable unemployment trades council would be Corn Exchange. from the struggle against SOlV the Tory government.' YS members and trade and he was sure many WIl deputy surely hear all the time TrOn Annorner. Reading Swindon, Ox- senior steward at Morris the phrase "The National successful day ford, ortsmouth, South- Motors, Oxford, speak- 1• Nose ampion and exeter took now become the by a lively discotheque.